Sūta said:: The Gandharvas and the Apsaras were the children of Muni. Know them (by their names). They are Bhīmasena, Ugrasena, Suparṇa, Varuṇa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Goman, Sūryavarcas, Patravān, Arkaparṇa, Prayuta, Bhīma and Citraratha who was well-known as the conqueror of all and as one who had kept his senses under perfect control, Śāliśiras the thirteenth, Parjanya the fourteenth, Kali the fifteenth, and Nārada the sixteenth. Thus these divine Gandharvas, children of Muni, have been recounted.

Sūta said:: The Gandharvas and the Apsaras were the children of Muni. Know them (by their names). They are Bhīmasena, Ugrasena, Suparṇa, Varuṇa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Goman, Sūryavarcas, Patravān, Arkaparṇa, Prayuta, Bhīma and Citraratha who was well-known as the conqueror of all and as one who had kept his senses under perfect control, Śāliśiras the thirteenth, Parjanya the fourteenth, Kali the fifteenth, and Nārada the sixteenth. Thus these divine Gandharvas, children of Muni, have been recounted.

Sūta said:: The Gandharvas and the Apsaras were the children of Muni. Know them (by their names). They are Bhīmasena, Ugrasena, Suparṇa, Varuṇa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Goman, Sūryavarcas, Patravān, Arkaparṇa, Prayuta, Bhīma and Citraratha who was well-known as the conqueror of all and as one who had kept his senses under perfect control, Śāliśiras the thirteenth, Parjanya the fourteenth, Kali the fifteenth, and Nārada the sixteenth. Thus these divine Gandharvas, children of Muni, have been recounted.

Sūta said:: The Gandharvas and the Apsaras were the children of Muni. Know them (by their names). They are Bhīmasena, Ugrasena, Suparṇa, Varuṇa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Goman, Sūryavarcas, Patravān, Arkaparṇa, Prayuta, Bhīma and Citraratha who was well-known as the conqueror of all and as one who had kept his senses under perfect control, Śāliśiras the thirteenth, Parjanya the fourteenth, Kali the fifteenth, and Nārada the sixteenth. Thus these divine Gandharvas, children of Muni, have been recounted.

Sūta said:: They had twenty-four splendid younger sisters named Apsaras:—viz. Aruṇā, Anapāyā, Vimanuṣyā, Varāmbarā, Miśrakeśī, Asiparṇinī, Alumbuṣā, Mārīcī, Śucikā, Vidyutparṇā, Tilottamā, Adrikā, Lakṣmaṇā, Kṣemā, the divine Rambhā, Manobhavā, Asitā, Subāhu, Supriyā, Subhujā, Puṇḍarīkā, Ajagandhā, Sudatī and Surasā. Her brothers—Subāhu, the celebrated Hāhā, Hūhū and Tumburu—these four are remembered as excellent Gandharvas. Thus these Gandharvas and Apsaras, the children of Muni have been named.

Sūta said:: They had twenty-four splendid younger sisters named Apsaras:—viz. Aruṇā, Anapāyā, Vimanuṣyā, Varāmbarā, Miśrakeśī, Asiparṇinī, Alumbuṣā, Mārīcī, Śucikā, Vidyutparṇā, Tilottamā, Adrikā, Lakṣmaṇā, Kṣemā, the divine Rambhā, Manobhavā, Asitā, Subāhu, Supriyā, Subhujā, Puṇḍarīkā, Ajagandhā, Sudatī and Surasā. Her brothers—Subāhu, the celebrated Hāhā, Hūhū and Tumburu—these four are remembered as excellent Gandharvas. Thus these Gandharvas and Apsaras, the children of Muni have been named.

Sūta said:: They had twenty-four splendid younger sisters named Apsaras:—viz. Aruṇā, Anapāyā, Vimanuṣyā, Varāmbarā, Miśrakeśī, Asiparṇinī, Alumbuṣā, Mārīcī, Śucikā, Vidyutparṇā, Tilottamā, Adrikā, Lakṣmaṇā, Kṣemā, the divine Rambhā, Manobhavā, Asitā, Subāhu, Supriyā, Subhujā, Puṇḍarīkā, Ajagandhā, Sudatī and Surasā. Her brothers—Subāhu, the celebrated Hāhā, Hūhū and Tumburu—these four are remembered as excellent Gandharvas. Thus these Gandharvas and Apsaras, the children of Muni have been named.

Sūta said:: They had twenty-four splendid younger sisters named Apsaras:—viz. Aruṇā, Anapāyā, Vimanuṣyā, Varāmbarā, Miśrakeśī, Asiparṇinī, Alumbuṣā, Mārīcī, Śucikā, Vidyutparṇā, Tilottamā, Adrikā, Lakṣmaṇā, Kṣemā, the divine Rambhā, Manobhavā, Asitā, Subāhu, Supriyā, Subhujā, Puṇḍarīkā, Ajagandhā, Sudatī and Surasā. Her brothers—Subāhu, the celebrated Hāhā, Hūhū and Tumburu—these four are remembered as excellent Gandharvas. Thus these Gandharvas and Apsaras, the children of Muni have been named.

Sūta said:: They had twenty-four splendid younger sisters named Apsaras:—viz. Aruṇā, Anapāyā, Vimanuṣyā, Varāmbarā, Miśrakeśī, Asiparṇinī, Alumbuṣā, Mārīcī, Śucikā, Vidyutparṇā, Tilottamā, Adrikā, Lakṣmaṇā, Kṣemā, the divine Rambhā, Manobhavā, Asitā, Subāhu, Supriyā, Subhujā, Puṇḍarīkā, Ajagandhā, Sudatī and Surasā. Her brothers—Subāhu, the celebrated Hāhā, Hūhū and Tumburu—these four are remembered as excellent Gandharvas. Thus these Gandharvas and Apsaras, the children of Muni have been named.

Sūta said:: The following are remembered as Laukikī Apsaras (i.e. Earthly Apsaras) viz. Haṃsā, Sarasvatī, Sūtā, Kamalā, Abhayā, Sumukhī, and Haṃsapadī.

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Sūta said:: One should know that these ten (celestial Damsels) are Pañca-cūḍas (having five plaits of hair).

Sūta said:: One should know that these ten (celestial Damsels) are Pañca-cūḍas (having five plaits of hair).

Sūta said:: Urvaśī is remémbered as the eleventh. She had been born of Nārāyaṇa who has neither a beginning nor an end. Her limbs are free from blemishes (i.e. extremely beautiful) befitting a noble family.

Sūta said:: Menakā the daughter of Menā was born as a beautiful woman in every limb. All these are remembered as expounders of Brahman and extremely fortunate.

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Sūta said:: These brilliant groups of Apsaras numbering many thousands are the wives and mothers of the Devas, and the sages.

Sūta said:: (Text partially defective.) All these Apsaras are equally fragrant and free from excitement (Niṣpandāḥ—Steady). Except Hara, everyone from among the Devas and the sages had contacts with them on account of Kāma (God oflove), since they were common to all. Parvata and Nārada were born of them. But since they were born of divine sages, Parvata and Nārada are included among sages. A third is also remembered as younger to them viz. Arundhatī.

Sūta said:: (Text partially defective.) All these Apsaras are equally fragrant and free from excitement (Niṣpandāḥ—Steady). Except Hara, everyone from among the Devas and the sages had contacts with them on account of Kāma (God oflove), since they were common to all. Parvata and Nārada were born of them. But since they were born of divine sages, Parvata and Nārada are included among sages. A third is also remembered as younger to them viz. Arundhatī.

Sūta said:: (Text partially defective.) All these Apsaras are equally fragrant and free from excitement (Niṣpandāḥ—Steady). Except Hara, everyone from among the Devas and the sages had contacts with them on account of Kāma (God oflove), since they were common to all. Parvata and Nārada were born of them. But since they were born of divine sages, Parvata and Nārada are included among sages. A third is also remembered as younger to them viz. Arundhatī.

Sūta said:: (Text partially defective.) All these Apsaras are equally fragrant and free from excitement (Niṣpandāḥ—Steady). Except Hara, everyone from among the Devas and the sages had contacts with them on account of Kāma (God oflove), since they were common to all. Parvata and Nārada were born of them. But since they were born of divine sages, Parvata and Nārada are included among sages. A third is also remembered as younger to them viz. Arundhatī.

Sūta said:: The (veḍic) metres are those beginning with Gāyatrī. The birds are born of Suparṇa (Garuḍa)

Sūta said:: Kadru gave birth to thousand serpents who support the earth. They have many hoods. They are noble-souled and they are able to traverse through the sky. Since they are innumerable (all the names are not mentioned here). Learn the names of the most important among them.

Sūta said:: Kadru gave birth to thousand serpents who support the earth. They have many hoods. They are noble-souled and they are able to traverse through the sky. Since they are innumerable (all the names are not mentioned here). Learn the names of the most important among them.

Sūta said:: Kadru gave birth to thousand serpents who support the earth. They have many hoods. They are noble-souled and they are able to traverse through the sky. Since they are innumerable (all the names are not mentioned here). Learn the names of the most important among them.

Sūta said:: Kadru gave birth to thousand serpents who support the earth. They have many hoods. They are noble-souled and they are able to traverse through the sky. Since they are innumerable (all the names are not mentioned here). Learn the names of the most important among them.

Sūta said:: Kadru gave birth to thousand serpents who support the earth. They have many hoods. They are noble-souled and they are able to traverse through the sky. Since they are innumerable (all the names are not mentioned here). Learn the names of the most important among them.

Sūta said:: Kadru gave birth to thousand serpents who support the earth. They have many hoods. They are noble-souled and they are able to traverse through the sky. Since they are innumerable (all the names are not mentioned here). Learn the names of the most important among them.

Sūta said:: Kadru gave birth to thousand serpents who support the earth. They have many hoods. They are noble-souled and they are able to traverse through the sky. Since they are innumerable (all the names are not mentioned here). Learn the names of the most important among them.

Sūta said:: Khaśā gave birth to two deformed sons of very rough modes of life; the elder was born at dusk and the younger at dawn.

Sūta said:: Khaśā gave birth to the elder son with the following characteristics:—One of his ears was very red. He had four arms and four legs. He was faltering and unsteady while walking, swaying on either side (? Dvidhāgatim). He had hair all over his body. His limbs were stout. His nose was splendid. He had a large belly. His head was very clean. He had large ears. His hair appeared like Muñja grass. He had great strength. His mouth was small but the tongue was long. He had many curved fang-like teeth. His chin was large. His eyes and feet were reddish tawny in colour. He had thick eyebrows and a large nose. He was mysteriously secretive (Guhyaka). His neck had a bluish tinge. His feet were long and his face was big. Khaśā gave birth to such an extremely terrible son.

Sūta said:: Khaśā gave birth to the elder son with the following characteristics:—One of his ears was very red. He had four arms and four legs. He was faltering and unsteady while walking, swaying on either side (? Dvidhāgatim). He had hair all over his body. His limbs were stout. His nose was splendid. He had a large belly. His head was very clean. He had large ears. His hair appeared like Muñja grass. He had great strength. His mouth was small but the tongue was long. He had many curved fang-like teeth. His chin was large. His eyes and feet were reddish tawny in colour. He had thick eyebrows and a large nose. He was mysteriously secretive (Guhyaka). His neck had a bluish tinge. His feet were long and his face was big. Khaśā gave birth to such an extremely terrible son.

Sūta said:: Khaśā gave birth to the elder son with the following characteristics:—One of his ears was very red. He had four arms and four legs. He was faltering and unsteady while walking, swaying on either side (? Dvidhāgatim). He had hair all over his body. His limbs were stout. His nose was splendid. He had a large belly. His head was very clean. He had large ears. His hair appeared like Muñja grass. He had great strength. His mouth was small but the tongue was long. He had many curved fang-like teeth. His chin was large. His eyes and feet were reddish tawny in colour. He had thick eyebrows and a large nose. He was mysteriously secretive (Guhyaka). His neck had a bluish tinge. His feet were long and his face was big. Khaśā gave birth to such an extremely terrible son.

Sūta said:: Khaśā gave birth to the elder son with the following characteristics:—One of his ears was very red. He had four arms and four legs. He was faltering and unsteady while walking, swaying on either side (? Dvidhāgatim). He had hair all over his body. His limbs were stout. His nose was splendid. He had a large belly. His head was very clean. He had large ears. His hair appeared like Muñja grass. He had great strength. His mouth was small but the tongue was long. He had many curved fang-like teeth. His chin was large. His eyes and feet were reddish tawny in colour. He had thick eyebrows and a large nose. He was mysteriously secretive (Guhyaka). His neck had a bluish tinge. His feet were long and his face was big. Khaśā gave birth to such an extremely terrible son.

Sūta said:: Khaśa gave birth to his younger brother, her second son, at the close of (the night) at dawn. He had three heads, three feet and three hands. His eyes were black. His hair stood upright (on his head). His moustache was green in colour. His body was as hard as rock. He had long hands. His voice was loud. His mouth (appeared like a groove) cut up to the ears. He had a strong and big (protruding) nose. His lips were thick. He had eight curved fang-like teeth. His face was irregular in shape. He was spike-eared. His round eyes were tawny in colour. His hair was matted. He had twin globular (masses of flesh). His shoulders were big and broad. His chest (too) was broad. The ridge of his nose was large. His belly was thin. His neck was not stout. It was red in colour. His penis and scrotum remained hanging down. She gave birth to such a younger son.

Sūta said:: Khaśa gave birth to his younger brother, her second son, at the close of (the night) at dawn. He had three heads, three feet and three hands. His eyes were black. His hair stood upright (on his head). His moustache was green in colour. His body was as hard as rock. He had long hands. His voice was loud. His mouth (appeared like a groove) cut up to the ears. He had a strong and big (protruding) nose. His lips were thick. He had eight curved fang-like teeth. His face was irregular in shape. He was spike-eared. His round eyes were tawny in colour. His hair was matted. He had twin globular (masses of flesh). His shoulders were big and broad. His chest (too) was broad. The ridge of his nose was large. His belly was thin. His neck was not stout. It was red in colour. His penis and scrotum remained hanging down. She gave birth to such a younger son.

Sūta said:: Khaśa gave birth to his younger brother, her second son, at the close of (the night) at dawn. He had three heads, three feet and three hands. His eyes were black. His hair stood upright (on his head). His moustache was green in colour. His body was as hard as rock. He had long hands. His voice was loud. His mouth (appeared like a groove) cut up to the ears. He had a strong and big (protruding) nose. His lips were thick. He had eight curved fang-like teeth. His face was irregular in shape. He was spike-eared. His round eyes were tawny in colour. His hair was matted. He had twin globular (masses of flesh). His shoulders were big and broad. His chest (too) was broad. The ridge of his nose was large. His belly was thin. His neck was not stout. It was red in colour. His penis and scrotum remained hanging down. She gave birth to such a younger son.

Sūta said:: Khaśa gave birth to his younger brother, her second son, at the close of (the night) at dawn. He had three heads, three feet and three hands. His eyes were black. His hair stood upright (on his head). His moustache was green in colour. His body was as hard as rock. He had long hands. His voice was loud. His mouth (appeared like a groove) cut up to the ears. He had a strong and big (protruding) nose. His lips were thick. He had eight curved fang-like teeth. His face was irregular in shape. He was spike-eared. His round eyes were tawny in colour. His hair was matted. He had twin globular (masses of flesh). His shoulders were big and broad. His chest (too) was broad. The ridge of his nose was large. His belly was thin. His neck was not stout. It was red in colour. His penis and scrotum remained hanging down. She gave birth to such a younger son.

Sūta said:: Khaśa gave birth to his younger brother, her second son, at the close of (the night) at dawn. He had three heads, three feet and three hands. His eyes were black. His hair stood upright (on his head). His moustache was green in colour. His body was as hard as rock. He had long hands. His voice was loud. His mouth (appeared like a groove) cut up to the ears. He had a strong and big (protruding) nose. His lips were thick. He had eight curved fang-like teeth. His face was irregular in shape. He was spike-eared. His round eyes were tawny in colour. His hair was matted. He had twin globular (masses of flesh). His shoulders were big and broad. His chest (too) was broad. The ridge of his nose was large. His belly was thin. His neck was not stout. It was red in colour. His penis and scrotum remained hanging down. She gave birth to such a younger son.

Sūta said:: Immediately after their birth, they increased in size. All their limbs became efficient in their respective functions.

Sūta said:: With their limbs grown in size and power immediately after their birth, they began to drag their mother. The elder one of the two was very cruel and he pulled his mother.

Sūta said:: He said—“O mother, we are tormented due to hunger. In order to save ourselves we shall devour you”. But the younger one attempted to forbid him.

Sūta said:: Seizing him (i.e. the elder one) with his pair of hands, he spoke to (his brother in front of) his mother—“Indeed you are the person to render service to your ancestors and preserve their welfare. Protect (at least) your own mother.”

Sūta said:: At that very instant, their father appeared before them, On seeing both these (children) of deformed features, he spoke to Khaśā.

Sūta said:: On seeing their father the two sons became frightened and became one. By means of their Māyā, they became merged into the limbs of their mother.

Sūta said:: Then the sage said to his wife—“What is it that you have been told by these two boys? Report to me everything factually. This is your own transgression.

Sūta said:: A son or a daughter will be like the mother, at the time of their birth. A son will have the same (character and habit) as his mother.

Sūta said:: Indeed water will have the same colour as the ground (on which it flows). Due to the defect in the conduct of the mothers, as well as due to their qualities, forms and features, the children are extremely influenced. But all the children become different from one another on account of their own renown.”

Sūta said:: Indeed water will have the same colour as the ground (on which it flows). Due to the defect in the conduct of the mothers, as well as due to their qualities, forms and features, the children are extremely influenced. But all the children become different from one another on account of their own renown.”

Sūta said:: Indeed water will have the same colour as the ground (on which it flows). Due to the defect in the conduct of the mothers, as well as due to their qualities, forms and features, the children are extremely influenced. But all the children become different from one another on account of their own renown.”

Sūta said:: He gave them those names the root meaning of which befitted their activities as reported by their mother, and as inferred by him independently.

Sūta said:: The elder one had said “O mother, we shall eat (you).” (The root Yakṣ) is used in the sense of chewing and eating. Hence he became Yakṣa.

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Sūta said:: “Due to the touch of your hands, currents of blood shall wholly become blood, flesh or fat as you desire to eat.

Sūta said:: “Due to the touch of your hands, currents of blood shall wholly become blood, flesh or fat as you desire to eat.

Sūta said:: “Due to the touch of your hands, currents of blood shall wholly become blood, flesh or fat as you desire to eat.

Sūta said:: After their father had departed, those two cruel (brothers) who are terrible by nature indulged in all kinds of adverse activities. They were ungrateful and they harassed all living creatures.

Sūta said:: They were extremely powerful and had great inherent vitality. They had huge bodies and were unassailable. They were conversant with Māyā (power of illusion or witchcraft). They could be invisible. Both of them could vanish even, as they were moving about.

Sūta said:: Both of them could assume any form they desired. They were terrible by nature and free from all ailments. They roamed about with all sorts of activities befitting their forms and features. They harassed everyone.

Sūta said:: They were eager to swallow Devas, sages, Pitṛs (manes), Gandharvas, Kinnaras, Piśācas (vampires), human beings, serpents, birds and animals. They used to roam about during the night. They watched even the followers of Indra becoming excited.

Sūta said:: They were eager to swallow Devas, sages, Pitṛs (manes), Gandharvas, Kinnaras, Piśācas (vampires), human beings, serpents, birds and animals. They used to roam about during the night. They watched even the followers of Indra becoming excited.

Sūta said:: (Defective Text) Once that Rākṣasa (i.e. the younger one of the two brothers) was moving about desirous of getting some food to eat, he followed his prey by means of their sound. He was moving about like a lord during the midnight. Two Piśācas (vampires, goblins, fiends) named Aja and Śaṇḍa came across him. They were the sons of Kapi. They had great virility and strength. They were like white gourds (in shape). They were the ancestors (of all goblins). Their round eyes were tawny in colour. They were terrific. Their hairs, stood upright. They were accompanied by their daughters. They wanted to find a (suitable) husband for them. Both the girls could assume any form they desired. The Piśācas accompanied by their daughters were hungry. They wanted to eat the Rākṣasa.

Sūta said:: (Defective Text) Once that Rākṣasa (i.e. the younger one of the two brothers) was moving about desirous of getting some food to eat, he followed his prey by means of their sound. He was moving about like a lord during the midnight. Two Piśācas (vampires, goblins, fiends) named Aja and Śaṇḍa came across him. They were the sons of Kapi. They had great virility and strength. They were like white gourds (in shape). They were the ancestors (of all goblins). Their round eyes were tawny in colour. They were terrific. Their hairs, stood upright. They were accompanied by their daughters. They wanted to find a (suitable) husband for them. Both the girls could assume any form they desired. The Piśācas accompanied by their daughters were hungry. They wanted to eat the Rākṣasa.

Sūta said:: (Defective Text) Once that Rākṣasa (i.e. the younger one of the two brothers) was moving about desirous of getting some food to eat, he followed his prey by means of their sound. He was moving about like a lord during the midnight. Two Piśācas (vampires, goblins, fiends) named Aja and Śaṇḍa came across him. They were the sons of Kapi. They had great virility and strength. They were like white gourds (in shape). They were the ancestors (of all goblins). Their round eyes were tawny in colour. They were terrific. Their hairs, stood upright. They were accompanied by their daughters. They wanted to find a (suitable) husband for them. Both the girls could assume any form they desired. The Piśācas accompanied by their daughters were hungry. They wanted to eat the Rākṣasa.

Sūta said:: (Defective Text) Once that Rākṣasa (i.e. the younger one of the two brothers) was moving about desirous of getting some food to eat, he followed his prey by means of their sound. He was moving about like a lord during the midnight. Two Piśācas (vampires, goblins, fiends) named Aja and Śaṇḍa came across him. They were the sons of Kapi. They had great virility and strength. They were like white gourds (in shape). They were the ancestors (of all goblins). Their round eyes were tawny in colour. They were terrific. Their hairs, stood upright. They were accompanied by their daughters. They wanted to find a (suitable) husband for them. Both the girls could assume any form they desired. The Piśācas accompanied by their daughters were hungry. They wanted to eat the Rākṣasa.

Sūta said:: They saw in front of them the Rākṣasa who could assume any form that he desired. All of them looked at one another. Each wanted to seize the other. The fathers (i.e. the Piśācas) said to their daughters, “He is faltering at every step. Catch hold of him alive and bring him here soon.”

Sūta said:: They saw in front of them the Rākṣasa who could assume any form that he desired. All of them looked at one another. Each wanted to seize the other. The fathers (i.e. the Piśācas) said to their daughters, “He is faltering at every step. Catch hold of him alive and bring him here soon.”

Sūta said:: They saw in front of them the Rākṣasa who could assume any form that he desired. All of them looked at one another. Each wanted to seize the other. The fathers (i.e. the Piśācas) said to their daughters, “He is faltering at every step. Catch hold of him alive and bring him here soon.”

Sūta said:: On seeing the Rākṣasa seized (and brought near) by their daughters, the Piśācas asked him—“(Who are you?) To whom do you belong?” And he told them everything.

Sūta said:: On seeing the Rākṣasa seized (and brought near) by their daughters, the Piśācas asked him—“(Who are you?) To whom do you belong?” And he told them everything.

Sūta said:: On seeing the Rākṣasa seized (and brought near) by their daughters, the Piśācas asked him—“(Who are you?) To whom do you belong?” And he told them everything.

Sūta said:: Even as the girls were crying, the Rākṣasa married them in accordance with the marital rites called Paiśāca (pertaining to the Piśācas).

Sūta said:: Even as the girls were crying, the Rākṣasa married them in accordance with the marital rites called Paiśāca (pertaining to the Piśācas).

Sūta said:: Aja then announced the assets (of his daughter). “This girl with the insects clinging to all the limbs like hair is Jantudhanā by name. She is capable of seizing the riches of all creatures.”

Sūta said:: The girl who was called Jantudhanā had profuse growth of hair all over her body. She was capable of producing a great roar. She gave birth to a girl Yātudhānā.

Sūta said:: The girl who was called Brahmadhanā was red in colour. She was bereft of hair. She too was capable of producing a great roar. She gave birth to Brahmadhanas (or Brahmadhanā).

Sūta said:: Thus the two daughters of Piśācas gave birth to children. Know them as I recount their creation of progeny.

Sūta said:: Yātudhānā had these ten Rākṣasas as her sons viz. Heti, Praheti, Ugra, Pauruṣeya, Vaḍha, Vidyutsphūrja, Vāta, Āya, Vyāghra and Sūrya (? Sarpa in verse 97).

Sūta said:: Yātudhānā had these ten Rākṣasas as her sons viz. Heti, Praheti, Ugra, Pauruṣeya, Vaḍha, Vidyutsphūrja, Vāta, Āya, Vyāghra and Sūrya (? Sarpa in verse 97).

Sūta said:: Another son of Praheti was very prosperous. He was well-known by the name Puloman. Another son was the extremely fierce demon Madhu and Lavaṇa was his son.

Sūta said:: He was endowed with great yogic power. He devoutly worshipped Mahādeva.

Sūta said:: Pauruṣeya had five very powerful sons who were cannibals (man-eaters) namely Krūra, Vikṛta, Rudhirāda, Medāśa and Vapāśa. They have thus been recounted with their names. Vadha had two sons of vicious activities viz. Vighna and Śamana.

Sūta said:: Pauruṣeya had five very powerful sons who were cannibals (man-eaters) namely Krūra, Vikṛta, Rudhirāda, Medāśa and Vapāśa. They have thus been recounted with their names. Vadha had two sons of vicious activities viz. Vighna and Śamana.

Sūta said:: Vidyut’s son was a Rākṣasa of vicious activities and was called Rasana. Nikumbha a Brahmarākṣasa was born of the wife of Spūrja.

Sūta said:: Virodha was the son of Vāta and Janāntaka was the son of Āya. Nirānanda was the son of Vyāghra. He caused abstacles in sacrifices.

Sūta said:: Cruel serpents and Rākṣasas were born in the family of Sarpa (mentioned as Sūrya in V. 90). Yātudhānas have been narrated in full. Now understand the Brahmadhānas.

Sūta said:: The sons of Brahmaḍhanā were nine viz. Yajñāpeta, Dhṛti, Kṣema, Brahmāpeta, Yajñahan, Śvāta, Ambuka, Keli and Sarpa.

Sūta said:: The following were the sisters of these Brahmadhānās. They are terrible Brahmarākṣasīs viz.—Raktakarṇī, Mahājihvā, Kṣamā and Iṣṭāpahāriṇī.

Sūta said:: The following were the sisters of these Brahmadhānās. They are terrible Brahmarākṣasīs viz.—Raktakarṇī, Mahājihvā, Kṣamā and Iṣṭāpahāriṇī.

Sūta said:: Yakṣa loved Kratusthalā, one of the ten Apsaras of the class called Pañcacūḍas. He was desirous of getting her. Pondering over the means thereof, he searched all the celestial gardens viz.—Vaibhrāja Surabhi, Caitraratha, Viśoka, Sumana and Nandana the most excellent grove. His desire and longing having been whetted he searched many beautiful and fascinating spots. Ultimately he saw her in Nanḍana seated amidst the other Apsaras.

Sūta said:: Yakṣa loved Kratusthalā, one of the ten Apsaras of the class called Pañcacūḍas. He was desirous of getting her. Pondering over the means thereof, he searched all the celestial gardens viz.—Vaibhrāja Surabhi, Caitraratha, Viśoka, Sumana and Nandana the most excellent grove. His desire and longing having been whetted he searched many beautiful and fascinating spots. Ultimately he saw her in Nanḍana seated amidst the other Apsaras.

Sūta said:: Yakṣa loved Kratusthalā, one of the ten Apsaras of the class called Pañcacūḍas. He was desirous of getting her. Pondering over the means thereof, he searched all the celestial gardens viz.—Vaibhrāja Surabhi, Caitraratha, Viśoka, Sumana and Nandana the most excellent grove. His desire and longing having been whetted he searched many beautiful and fascinating spots. Ultimately he saw her in Nanḍana seated amidst the other Apsaras.

Sūta said:: Yakṣa loved Kratusthalā, one of the ten Apsaras of the class called Pañcacūḍas. He was desirous of getting her. Pondering over the means thereof, he searched all the celestial gardens viz.—Vaibhrāja Surabhi, Caitraratha, Viśoka, Sumana and Nandana the most excellent grove. His desire and longing having been whetted he searched many beautiful and fascinating spots. Ultimately he saw her in Nanḍana seated amidst the other Apsaras.

Sūta said:: He thought thus—“All living beings resent me because I am noxious and hurtful. Hence, how shall I acquire that lady of fascinating limbs?”

Sūta said:: He hit upon a plan. Having found a means, he hastened to put it into practice. He assumed the form of Vasuruci, the Gandharva. Then that Guhyaka (i.e. Yakṣa) seized Kratusthalā from the midst of the Apsaras. Thinking that he was Vasuruci, she heartily and willingly accompanied him.

Sūta said:: He hit upon a plan. Having found a means, he hastened to put it into practice. He assumed the form of Vasuruci, the Gandharva. Then that Guhyaka (i.e. Yakṣa) seized Kratusthalā from the midst of the Apsaras. Thinking that he was Vasuruci, she heartily and willingly accompanied him.

Sūta said:: Even as he was being watched by the groups of Apsaras he clasped her closely and had sexual intercourse with her for the sake of a son. Although he was being observed (by them) he did not hesitate, because he was eager to obtain the celestial damsel. Thereupon a son was immediately born. He had all the limbs and sense-organs in full-fledged form.

Sūta said:: Even as he was being watched by the groups of Apsaras he clasped her closely and had sexual intercourse with her for the sake of a son. Although he was being observed (by them) he did not hesitate, because he was eager to obtain the celestial damsel. Thereupon a son was immediately born. He had all the limbs and sense-organs in full-fledged form.

Sūta said:: He increased in size immediately in height as well as girth. He shone by means of his brilliance. “I am Nābhi(?) and I am a king,” he said and saluted his father.

Sūta said:: The father said to him in reply, “You are Rajatanābha.” A son is born resembling his mother in forms and features and his father in vigour and strength.

Sūta said:: As soon as the child was born, the Yakṣa assumed his form. Yakṣas and Rākṣasas, even when they are in disguise, resume their original form while asleep, when they are angry, frightened or extremely delighted. Then the Guhyaka smilingly said thus to the Apsaras.

Sūta said:: As soon as the child was born, the Yakṣa assumed his form. Yakṣas and Rākṣasas, even when they are in disguise, resume their original form while asleep, when they are angry, frightened or extremely delighted. Then the Guhyaka smilingly said thus to the Apsaras.

Sūta said:: “O lady of excellent face, welfare unto you. Come to my house along-with your son.” After saying this, the Yakṣa suddenly resumed his own form. On seeing it, all the Apsaras became bewildered and fled together. As she (i.e. Kratusthalā) was going on, the son followed her consoling her by means of gentle words. He took her to the midst of Gandharvas and the Apsaras and returned. On observing that she was the origin of species of Yakṣas, the groups of Apsaras said to Kratusthalā—“You are the mother of Yakṣas.” Thereafter, the Yakṣa went to his own abode accompanied by his son.

Sūta said:: “O lady of excellent face, welfare unto you. Come to my house along-with your son.” After saying this, the Yakṣa suddenly resumed his own form. On seeing it, all the Apsaras became bewildered and fled together. As she (i.e. Kratusthalā) was going on, the son followed her consoling her by means of gentle words. He took her to the midst of Gandharvas and the Apsaras and returned. On observing that she was the origin of species of Yakṣas, the groups of Apsaras said to Kratusthalā—“You are the mother of Yakṣas.” Thereafter, the Yakṣa went to his own abode accompanied by his son.

Sūta said:: “O lady of excellent face, welfare unto you. Come to my house along-with your son.” After saying this, the Yakṣa suddenly resumed his own form. On seeing it, all the Apsaras became bewildered and fled together. As she (i.e. Kratusthalā) was going on, the son followed her consoling her by means of gentle words. He took her to the midst of Gandharvas and the Apsaras and returned. On observing that she was the origin of species of Yakṣas, the groups of Apsaras said to Kratusthalā—“You are the mother of Yakṣas.” Thereafter, the Yakṣa went to his own abode accompanied by his son.

Sūta said:: “O lady of excellent face, welfare unto you. Come to my house along-with your son.” After saying this, the Yakṣa suddenly resumed his own form. On seeing it, all the Apsaras became bewildered and fled together. As she (i.e. Kratusthalā) was going on, the son followed her consoling her by means of gentle words. He took her to the midst of Gandharvas and the Apsaras and returned. On observing that she was the origin of species of Yakṣas, the groups of Apsaras said to Kratusthalā—“You are the mother of Yakṣas.” Thereafter, the Yakṣa went to his own abode accompanied by his son.

Sūta said:: The holy fig tree well known by the name Rohiṇa is the place where Guhyakas lie down. It is remembered that the residence of the Yakṣas is on the Nyagrodha (Holy fig tree) named Rohiṇa.

Sūta said:: The Yakṣa Rajatanābha is the grandfather (i.e. Ancestor) of the Guhyakas.

Sūta said:: The Yakṣa Rajatanābha is the grandfather (i.e. Ancestor) of the Guhyakas.

Sūta said:: The two splendid sisters named Puṇyajanī and Devajanī, the daughters of Kratusthalā became their wives.

Sūta said:: The splendid lady Puṇyajanī gave birth to twenty-four sons of Maṇibhadra viz. Siddhārtha, Sūryatejas, Sumana, Nandana, Maṇḍūka, Rucaka, Maṇimān, Vasu. Sarvānubhūta, Śaṅkha, Piṅgākṣa, Bhīru, Asoma, Dūrasoma, Padma, Candraprabha, Meghavarṇa, Subhadra, Pradyota, Mahādyuti, Dyutimān, Ketumān, Darśanīya. and Sudarśana. These twenty-four sons were born to Puṇyajanī. Born as the sons of Maṇibhadra, all of them had meritorious characteristics. The splendid Yakṣas and Puṇyajanas are their sons and grandsons.

Sūta said:: The splendid lady Puṇyajanī gave birth to twenty-four sons of Maṇibhadra viz. Siddhārtha, Sūryatejas, Sumana, Nandana, Maṇḍūka, Rucaka, Maṇimān, Vasu. Sarvānubhūta, Śaṅkha, Piṅgākṣa, Bhīru, Asoma, Dūrasoma, Padma, Candraprabha, Meghavarṇa, Subhadra, Pradyota, Mahādyuti, Dyutimān, Ketumān, Darśanīya. and Sudarśana. These twenty-four sons were born to Puṇyajanī. Born as the sons of Maṇibhadra, all of them had meritorious characteristics. The splendid Yakṣas and Puṇyajanas are their sons and grandsons.

Sūta said:: The splendid lady Puṇyajanī gave birth to twenty-four sons of Maṇibhadra viz. Siddhārtha, Sūryatejas, Sumana, Nandana, Maṇḍūka, Rucaka, Maṇimān, Vasu. Sarvānubhūta, Śaṅkha, Piṅgākṣa, Bhīru, Asoma, Dūrasoma, Padma, Candraprabha, Meghavarṇa, Subhadra, Pradyota, Mahādyuti, Dyutimān, Ketumān, Darśanīya. and Sudarśana. These twenty-four sons were born to Puṇyajanī. Born as the sons of Maṇibhadra, all of them had meritorious characteristics. The splendid Yakṣas and Puṇyajanas are their sons and grandsons.

Sūta said:: The splendid lady Puṇyajanī gave birth to twenty-four sons of Maṇibhadra viz. Siddhārtha, Sūryatejas, Sumana, Nandana, Maṇḍūka, Rucaka, Maṇimān, Vasu. Sarvānubhūta, Śaṅkha, Piṅgākṣa, Bhīru, Asoma, Dūrasoma, Padma, Candraprabha, Meghavarṇa, Subhadra, Pradyota, Mahādyuti, Dyutimān, Ketumān, Darśanīya. and Sudarśana. These twenty-four sons were born to Puṇyajanī. Born as the sons of Maṇibhadra, all of them had meritorious characteristics. The splendid Yakṣas and Puṇyajanas are their sons and grandsons.

Sūta said:: The splendid lady Puṇyajanī gave birth to twenty-four sons of Maṇibhadra viz. Siddhārtha, Sūryatejas, Sumana, Nandana, Maṇḍūka, Rucaka, Maṇimān, Vasu. Sarvānubhūta, Śaṅkha, Piṅgākṣa, Bhīru, Asoma, Dūrasoma, Padma, Candraprabha, Meghavarṇa, Subhadra, Pradyota, Mahādyuti, Dyutimān, Ketumān, Darśanīya. and Sudarśana. These twenty-four sons were born to Puṇyajanī. Born as the sons of Maṇibhadra, all of them had meritorious characteristics. The splendid Yakṣas and Puṇyajanas are their sons and grandsons.

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Sūta said:: They can traverse all the worlds. Their procedure is like that of the Devas. She had other children also viz seven daughters. Listen (to their names) in order viz. Ālambā, Utkacā, Utkṛṣṭā, Nirṛtā, Kapilā, Śivā and the extremely fortunate Keśinī. These are remembered as the seven sisters who created progeny from whom Gaṇas were evolved. It was from them that group of Rākṣasas was born—Rākṣasas who were ferocious in battle and destroyers of the congregations of people, as well as the splendid groups of Rākṣasas.

Sūta said:: They can traverse all the worlds. Their procedure is like that of the Devas. She had other children also viz seven daughters. Listen (to their names) in order viz. Ālambā, Utkacā, Utkṛṣṭā, Nirṛtā, Kapilā, Śivā and the extremely fortunate Keśinī. These are remembered as the seven sisters who created progeny from whom Gaṇas were evolved. It was from them that group of Rākṣasas was born—Rākṣasas who were ferocious in battle and destroyers of the congregations of people, as well as the splendid groups of Rākṣasas.

Sūta said:: They can traverse all the worlds. Their procedure is like that of the Devas. She had other children also viz seven daughters. Listen (to their names) in order viz. Ālambā, Utkacā, Utkṛṣṭā, Nirṛtā, Kapilā, Śivā and the extremely fortunate Keśinī. These are remembered as the seven sisters who created progeny from whom Gaṇas were evolved. It was from them that group of Rākṣasas was born—Rākṣasas who were ferocious in battle and destroyers of the congregations of people, as well as the splendid groups of Rākṣasas.

Sūta said:: The group (of Rākṣasas) called Ālambeya is ferocious and cruel. Similarly, the group Autkaceya (is also cruel). The groups Autkārṣṭeya and Śaiveya are the most excellent groups of Rākṣasas. Similarly, the group named Nairṛta had been procreated by a servant of Tryambaka, the most excellent leader of Gaṇas. The Nairṛtas are Deva-Rākṣasas. They are valorous and richly endowed with heroism. Their leader is one who is endued with Yogic power, well reputed by the name Virūpaka. They are haughty and noble-souled and they form hundreds of groups and armies. Generally these (Nairṛtas) follow Śaṅkara the lord of the Universe.

Sūta said:: The group (of Rākṣasas) called Ālambeya is ferocious and cruel. Similarly, the group Autkaceya (is also cruel). The groups Autkārṣṭeya and Śaiveya are the most excellent groups of Rākṣasas. Similarly, the group named Nairṛta had been procreated by a servant of Tryambaka, the most excellent leader of Gaṇas. The Nairṛtas are Deva-Rākṣasas. They are valorous and richly endowed with heroism. Their leader is one who is endued with Yogic power, well reputed by the name Virūpaka. They are haughty and noble-souled and they form hundreds of groups and armies. Generally these (Nairṛtas) follow Śaṅkara the lord of the Universe.

Sūta said:: The group (of Rākṣasas) called Ālambeya is ferocious and cruel. Similarly, the group Autkaceya (is also cruel). The groups Autkārṣṭeya and Śaiveya are the most excellent groups of Rākṣasas. Similarly, the group named Nairṛta had been procreated by a servant of Tryambaka, the most excellent leader of Gaṇas. The Nairṛtas are Deva-Rākṣasas. They are valorous and richly endowed with heroism. Their leader is one who is endued with Yogic power, well reputed by the name Virūpaka. They are haughty and noble-souled and they form hundreds of groups and armies. Generally these (Nairṛtas) follow Śaṅkara the lord of the Universe.

Sūta said:: The group (of Rākṣasas) called Ālambeya is ferocious and cruel. Similarly, the group Autkaceya (is also cruel). The groups Autkārṣṭeya and Śaiveya are the most excellent groups of Rākṣasas. Similarly, the group named Nairṛta had been procreated by a servant of Tryambaka, the most excellent leader of Gaṇas. The Nairṛtas are Deva-Rākṣasas. They are valorous and richly endowed with heroism. Their leader is one who is endued with Yogic power, well reputed by the name Virūpaka. They are haughty and noble-souled and they form hundreds of groups and armies. Generally these (Nairṛtas) follow Śaṅkara the lord of the Universe.

Sūta said:: The group (of Rākṣasas) called Ālambeya is ferocious and cruel. Similarly, the group Autkaceya (is also cruel). The groups Autkārṣṭeya and Śaiveya are the most excellent groups of Rākṣasas. Similarly, the group named Nairṛta had been procreated by a servant of Tryambaka, the most excellent leader of Gaṇas. The Nairṛtas are Deva-Rākṣasas. They are valorous and richly endowed with heroism. Their leader is one who is endued with Yogic power, well reputed by the name Virūpaka. They are haughty and noble-souled and they form hundreds of groups and armies. Generally these (Nairṛtas) follow Śaṅkara the lord of the Universe.

Sūta said:: The group (of Rākṣasas) called Ālambeya is ferocious and cruel. Similarly, the group Autkaceya (is also cruel). The groups Autkārṣṭeya and Śaiveya are the most excellent groups of Rākṣasas. Similarly, the group named Nairṛta had been procreated by a servant of Tryambaka, the most excellent leader of Gaṇas. The Nairṛtas are Deva-Rākṣasas. They are valorous and richly endowed with heroism. Their leader is one who is endued with Yogic power, well reputed by the name Virūpaka. They are haughty and noble-souled and they form hundreds of groups and armies. Generally these (Nairṛtas) follow Śaṅkara the lord of the Universe.

Sūta said:: The group (of Rākṣasas) called Ālambeya is ferocious and cruel. Similarly, the group Autkaceya (is also cruel). The groups Autkārṣṭeya and Śaiveya are the most excellent groups of Rākṣasas. Similarly, the group named Nairṛta had been procreated by a servant of Tryambaka, the most excellent leader of Gaṇas. The Nairṛtas are Deva-Rākṣasas. They are valorous and richly endowed with heroism. Their leader is one who is endued with Yogic power, well reputed by the name Virūpaka. They are haughty and noble-souled and they form hundreds of groups and armies. Generally these (Nairṛtas) follow Śaṅkara the lord of the Universe.

Sūta said:: There was an insignificant Rākṣasī (demoness) named Nīlā. She was the daughter of Keśinī. The numerous Rākṣasas well known as Nailas have been procreated by Surasika (A person of excellent taste) belonging to the group Ālambeya. They are unconquerable and are of terrible exploits. They have divine and earthly forms and features. They roam about the entire earth.

Sūta said:: There was an insignificant Rākṣasī (demoness) named Nīlā. She was the daughter of Keśinī. The numerous Rākṣasas well known as Nailas have been procreated by Surasika (A person of excellent taste) belonging to the group Ālambeya. They are unconquerable and are of terrible exploits. They have divine and earthly forms and features. They roam about the entire earth.

Sūta said:: Since their creation is multitudinous, it cannot be detailed (completely). The Rākṣasī (demoness) named Vikacā was the daughter of Nīlā. Her sons, the Vikacas, have great inherent strength and valour. They have been procreated by Virūpaka the Nairṛta here. The subjects so procreated were very terrible. Listen to their names in the proper order. They are very terrible on account of their curved fangs. They are hideous with large ears and big bellies.

Sūta said:: Since their creation is multitudinous, it cannot be detailed (completely). The Rākṣasī (demoness) named Vikacā was the daughter of Nīlā. Her sons, the Vikacas, have great inherent strength and valour. They have been procreated by Virūpaka the Nairṛta here. The subjects so procreated were very terrible. Listen to their names in the proper order. They are very terrible on account of their curved fangs. They are hideous with large ears and big bellies.

Sūta said:: Since their creation is multitudinous, it cannot be detailed (completely). The Rākṣasī (demoness) named Vikacā was the daughter of Nīlā. Her sons, the Vikacas, have great inherent strength and valour. They have been procreated by Virūpaka the Nairṛta here. The subjects so procreated were very terrible. Listen to their names in the proper order. They are very terrible on account of their curved fangs. They are hideous with large ears and big bellies.

Sūta said:: Their group names are Hārakas, Bhīṣakas, Klāmakas, Reravākas, Piśācas, Vāhakas, Trāsakas and others. These are Bhūmi-Rākṣasas (earthly demons). They are slow-witted but harsh and tough in their exploits. They assume different sizes and shapes on different occasions. They roam about in places hitherto never seen. Such of them as have excellent strength and inherent vitality are remembered as Khecaras but they traverse the sky only to a very limited extent. They merely aim at flying. This universe is pervaded by hundreds and thousands of these Bhūmi-Rākṣasas and all sorts of insignificant Rākṣasa hordes. Different regions are occupied all round by different kinds of Rākṣasas.

Sūta said:: Their group names are Hārakas, Bhīṣakas, Klāmakas, Reravākas, Piśācas, Vāhakas, Trāsakas and others. These are Bhūmi-Rākṣasas (earthly demons). They are slow-witted but harsh and tough in their exploits. They assume different sizes and shapes on different occasions. They roam about in places hitherto never seen. Such of them as have excellent strength and inherent vitality are remembered as Khecaras but they traverse the sky only to a very limited extent. They merely aim at flying. This universe is pervaded by hundreds and thousands of these Bhūmi-Rākṣasas and all sorts of insignificant Rākṣasa hordes. Different regions are occupied all round by different kinds of Rākṣasas.

Sūta said:: Their group names are Hārakas, Bhīṣakas, Klāmakas, Reravākas, Piśācas, Vāhakas, Trāsakas and others. These are Bhūmi-Rākṣasas (earthly demons). They are slow-witted but harsh and tough in their exploits. They assume different sizes and shapes on different occasions. They roam about in places hitherto never seen. Such of them as have excellent strength and inherent vitality are remembered as Khecaras but they traverse the sky only to a very limited extent. They merely aim at flying. This universe is pervaded by hundreds and thousands of these Bhūmi-Rākṣasas and all sorts of insignificant Rākṣasa hordes. Different regions are occupied all round by different kinds of Rākṣasas.

Sūta said:: Their group names are Hārakas, Bhīṣakas, Klāmakas, Reravākas, Piśācas, Vāhakas, Trāsakas and others. These are Bhūmi-Rākṣasas (earthly demons). They are slow-witted but harsh and tough in their exploits. They assume different sizes and shapes on different occasions. They roam about in places hitherto never seen. Such of them as have excellent strength and inherent vitality are remembered as Khecaras but they traverse the sky only to a very limited extent. They merely aim at flying. This universe is pervaded by hundreds and thousands of these Bhūmi-Rākṣasas and all sorts of insignificant Rākṣasa hordes. Different regions are occupied all round by different kinds of Rākṣasas.

Sūta said:: Their group names are Hārakas, Bhīṣakas, Klāmakas, Reravākas, Piśācas, Vāhakas, Trāsakas and others. These are Bhūmi-Rākṣasas (earthly demons). They are slow-witted but harsh and tough in their exploits. They assume different sizes and shapes on different occasions. They roam about in places hitherto never seen. Such of them as have excellent strength and inherent vitality are remembered as Khecaras but they traverse the sky only to a very limited extent. They merely aim at flying. This universe is pervaded by hundreds and thousands of these Bhūmi-Rākṣasas and all sorts of insignificant Rākṣasa hordes. Different regions are occupied all round by different kinds of Rākṣasas.

Sūta said:: Their eight clans have been described in the proper order. Certain clans are called Bhadrakas (gentle) caused by the outcome of ignorant ones. They are hundreds and thousands in number. They have Pūtanā as their common mother (?). They are terrifying unto all living beings.

Sūta said:: Their eight clans have been described in the proper order. Certain clans are called Bhadrakas (gentle) caused by the outcome of ignorant ones. They are hundreds and thousands in number. They have Pūtanā as their common mother (?). They are terrifying unto all living beings.

Sūta said:: The Grahas are the cause of the death of children in the human world. They are Skandagraha viz. Hāsyas, Āpakas, Trāsakas and others.

Sūta said:: The Grahas are the cause of the death of children in the human world. They are Skandagraha viz. Hāsyas, Āpakas, Trāsakas and others.

Sūta said:: The Grahas are the cause of the death of children in the human world. They are Skandagraha viz. Hāsyas, Āpakas, Trāsakas and others.

Sūta said:: Yakṣas (are of two kinds): those named Puṇyajanas and those who are remembered as Pūrṇabhadras.

Sūta said:: Yakṣas (are of two kinds): those named Puṇyajanas and those who are remembered as Pūrṇabhadras.

Sūta said:: The Rākṣasas (drink blood etc.) by entering (the bodies of victims). The Piśācas (drink blood etc) by means of squeezing and harassing (victims).

Sūta said:: The Rākṣasas (drink blood etc.) by entering (the bodies of victims). The Piśācas (drink blood etc) by means of squeezing and harassing (victims).

Sūta said:: The Rākṣasas (drink blood etc.) by entering (the bodies of victims). The Piśācas (drink blood etc) by means of squeezing and harassing (victims).

Sūta said:: It is remembered that the Gandharvas and the Apsaras are inferior to the Devas by three-fourths (of their qualities, strength etc.). The Guhyakas are inferior to the Gandharvas by three-fourths (of their qualities etc).

Sūta said:: The Piśācas are inferior to the Rākṣasas in affluence and power three times (?) (powers, affluences to one-third of Rākṣasa).

Sūta said:: The Piśācas are inferior to the Rākṣasas in affluence and power three times (?) (powers, affluences to one-third of Rākṣasa).

Sūta said:: These four species beginning with the Gandharvas and ending with the Piśācas belong to the species of the Devas.

Sūta said:: Krodhā gave birth to twelve daughters born of her own bosom. They became the wives of Pulaha. Understand them through their names.

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Sūta said:: Ten heroic leading monkeys were born to Śvetā viz. Urdhvaḍṛṣṭi, Kṛtāhāra, Suvrata, Vinata, Budha, Pārijāta, Sujāta, Haridāsa, Guṇākara and the powerful Kṣemamūrti. All of them were kings.

Sūta said:: Ten heroic leading monkeys were born to Śvetā viz. Urdhvaḍṛṣṭi, Kṛtāhāra, Suvrata, Vinata, Budha, Pārijāta, Sujāta, Haridāsa, Guṇākara and the powerful Kṣemamūrti. All of them were kings.

Sūta said:: Their sons and grandsons were very powerful and irresistible. They could not be conquered in battle by the Devas, Dānavas, human beings, Yakṣas, Bhūtas (goblins) Piśācas (ghosts), Rākṣasas and good (powerful) serpents. Their death is not brought about by means of fire, weapons poison or other means.

Sūta said:: Their sons and grandsons were very powerful and irresistible. They could not be conquered in battle by the Devas, Dānavas, human beings, Yakṣas, Bhūtas (goblins) Piśācas (ghosts), Rākṣasas and good (powerful) serpents. Their death is not brought about by means of fire, weapons poison or other means.

Sūta said:: Their movement is not obstructed on the earth, sky, Pātāla (Netherworlds), water or in the wind. All of them are indestructible.

Sūta said:: The numbers of the quick and mighty monkeys are many. (Some of them) are ten thousand crores in number. Others are thousand Arbudas in number and others thousands of Mahāpadmas (A very high number) and hundreds of Mahāpadmas. Some are ten Arbudas in number; others are hundred thousand crores. Others thousands of Niyutas (Ten thousand crores), others are Nikharvas, others ten crores of Arbudas. Others sixty crores in number, others a hundred thousand Arbudas, others a hundred crores; others ten Padmas and still others nine Mahāpadmas in number. These monkeys, belonged to very noble families.

Sūta said:: The numbers of the quick and mighty monkeys are many. (Some of them) are ten thousand crores in number. Others are thousand Arbudas in number and others thousands of Mahāpadmas (A very high number) and hundreds of Mahāpadmas. Some are ten Arbudas in number; others are hundred thousand crores. Others thousands of Niyutas (Ten thousand crores), others are Nikharvas, others ten crores of Arbudas. Others sixty crores in number, others a hundred thousand Arbudas, others a hundred crores; others ten Padmas and still others nine Mahāpadmas in number. These monkeys, belonged to very noble families.

Sūta said:: The numbers of the quick and mighty monkeys are many. (Some of them) are ten thousand crores in number. Others are thousand Arbudas in number and others thousands of Mahāpadmas (A very high number) and hundreds of Mahāpadmas. Some are ten Arbudas in number; others are hundred thousand crores. Others thousands of Niyutas (Ten thousand crores), others are Nikharvas, others ten crores of Arbudas. Others sixty crores in number, others a hundred thousand Arbudas, others a hundred crores; others ten Padmas and still others nine Mahāpadmas in number. These monkeys, belonged to very noble families.

Sūta said:: The numbers of the quick and mighty monkeys are many. (Some of them) are ten thousand crores in number. Others are thousand Arbudas in number and others thousands of Mahāpadmas (A very high number) and hundreds of Mahāpadmas. Some are ten Arbudas in number; others are hundred thousand crores. Others thousands of Niyutas (Ten thousand crores), others are Nikharvas, others ten crores of Arbudas. Others sixty crores in number, others a hundred thousand Arbudas, others a hundred crores; others ten Padmas and still others nine Mahāpadmas in number. These monkeys, belonged to very noble families.

Sūta said:: All of them are brilliant, brave and powerful. They can assume any form they desire. They have divine ornaments and dresses. They are devotees of Brahman. They maintain sacrificial fires; they perform all kinds of Yajñas, and distribute hundreds and thousands by way of monetary gifts (and sacrificial fees). They are embellished with crowns, earings, necklaces and upper arm bracelets. They are scholars in the Vedas and Vedāṅgas. They are experts in the science of polity, in discharging missiles and withdrawing them or in the activity of killing. They have preference for divine Mantras, they are honoured on account of divine Mantras; they are efficient, powerful and heroic. They strike by means of all kinds of weapons. They are gentle, they can assume divine forms and are devoid of old age and death. There are ten thousand families of such noble-souled monkeys.

Sūta said:: All of them are brilliant, brave and powerful. They can assume any form they desire. They have divine ornaments and dresses. They are devotees of Brahman. They maintain sacrificial fires; they perform all kinds of Yajñas, and distribute hundreds and thousands by way of monetary gifts (and sacrificial fees). They are embellished with crowns, earings, necklaces and upper arm bracelets. They are scholars in the Vedas and Vedāṅgas. They are experts in the science of polity, in discharging missiles and withdrawing them or in the activity of killing. They have preference for divine Mantras, they are honoured on account of divine Mantras; they are efficient, powerful and heroic. They strike by means of all kinds of weapons. They are gentle, they can assume divine forms and are devoid of old age and death. There are ten thousand families of such noble-souled monkeys.

Sūta said:: All of them are brilliant, brave and powerful. They can assume any form they desire. They have divine ornaments and dresses. They are devotees of Brahman. They maintain sacrificial fires; they perform all kinds of Yajñas, and distribute hundreds and thousands by way of monetary gifts (and sacrificial fees). They are embellished with crowns, earings, necklaces and upper arm bracelets. They are scholars in the Vedas and Vedāṅgas. They are experts in the science of polity, in discharging missiles and withdrawing them or in the activity of killing. They have preference for divine Mantras, they are honoured on account of divine Mantras; they are efficient, powerful and heroic. They strike by means of all kinds of weapons. They are gentle, they can assume divine forms and are devoid of old age and death. There are ten thousand families of such noble-souled monkeys.

Sūta said:: All of them are brilliant, brave and powerful. They can assume any form they desire. They have divine ornaments and dresses. They are devotees of Brahman. They maintain sacrificial fires; they perform all kinds of Yajñas, and distribute hundreds and thousands by way of monetary gifts (and sacrificial fees). They are embellished with crowns, earings, necklaces and upper arm bracelets. They are scholars in the Vedas and Vedāṅgas. They are experts in the science of polity, in discharging missiles and withdrawing them or in the activity of killing. They have preference for divine Mantras, they are honoured on account of divine Mantras; they are efficient, powerful and heroic. They strike by means of all kinds of weapons. They are gentle, they can assume divine forms and are devoid of old age and death. There are ten thousand families of such noble-souled monkeys.

Sūta said:: All of them are brilliant, brave and powerful. They can assume any form they desire. They have divine ornaments and dresses. They are devotees of Brahman. They maintain sacrificial fires; they perform all kinds of Yajñas, and distribute hundreds and thousands by way of monetary gifts (and sacrificial fees). They are embellished with crowns, earings, necklaces and upper arm bracelets. They are scholars in the Vedas and Vedāṅgas. They are experts in the science of polity, in discharging missiles and withdrawing them or in the activity of killing. They have preference for divine Mantras, they are honoured on account of divine Mantras; they are efficient, powerful and heroic. They strike by means of all kinds of weapons. They are gentle, they can assume divine forms and are devoid of old age and death. There are ten thousand families of such noble-souled monkeys.

Sūta said:: Abodes were made for them by Viśvakarman himself in the mountains and caves on the four sides of mounts Meru, Hemakūṭa, Himālaya, the Nīla mountain, the Sveta mountain, the Niṣadha mountain and the Gandhamādana mountain—well in all the seven continents.

Sūta said:: Abodes were made for them by Viśvakarman himself in the mountains and caves on the four sides of mounts Meru, Hemakūṭa, Himālaya, the Nīla mountain, the Sveta mountain, the Niṣadha mountain and the Gandhamādana mountain—well in all the seven continents.

Sūta said:: They are bedecked (endowed with) cities of various sizes and shapes. They are equally charming during all the seasons. There are gardens and parks all round. In the grounds of their abodes and in their couches exudes pleasing fragrance of flowers. They have different kinds of unguents and divine embellishments. They are bedecked in all kinds of jewels and have mental (and spiritual) achievements. Those monkeys embellished in divine ornaments (enjoy life) drinking honey and wine in the company of she-monkeys. Their liquor was accompanied by nectarine diet too. They are full of activities. They rise in power like the community of gods in the heaven. Indeed, they are the sons of important Devas and Gandharvas. They indulge in happiness and pleasure. They are righteous. They are excessively proud on account of their boons. They are experts in war. They are very powerful.

Sūta said:: They are bedecked (endowed with) cities of various sizes and shapes. They are equally charming during all the seasons. There are gardens and parks all round. In the grounds of their abodes and in their couches exudes pleasing fragrance of flowers. They have different kinds of unguents and divine embellishments. They are bedecked in all kinds of jewels and have mental (and spiritual) achievements. Those monkeys embellished in divine ornaments (enjoy life) drinking honey and wine in the company of she-monkeys. Their liquor was accompanied by nectarine diet too. They are full of activities. They rise in power like the community of gods in the heaven. Indeed, they are the sons of important Devas and Gandharvas. They indulge in happiness and pleasure. They are righteous. They are excessively proud on account of their boons. They are experts in war. They are very powerful.

Sūta said:: They are bedecked (endowed with) cities of various sizes and shapes. They are equally charming during all the seasons. There are gardens and parks all round. In the grounds of their abodes and in their couches exudes pleasing fragrance of flowers. They have different kinds of unguents and divine embellishments. They are bedecked in all kinds of jewels and have mental (and spiritual) achievements. Those monkeys embellished in divine ornaments (enjoy life) drinking honey and wine in the company of she-monkeys. Their liquor was accompanied by nectarine diet too. They are full of activities. They rise in power like the community of gods in the heaven. Indeed, they are the sons of important Devas and Gandharvas. They indulge in happiness and pleasure. They are righteous. They are excessively proud on account of their boons. They are experts in war. They are very powerful.

Sūta said:: They are bedecked (endowed with) cities of various sizes and shapes. They are equally charming during all the seasons. There are gardens and parks all round. In the grounds of their abodes and in their couches exudes pleasing fragrance of flowers. They have different kinds of unguents and divine embellishments. They are bedecked in all kinds of jewels and have mental (and spiritual) achievements. Those monkeys embellished in divine ornaments (enjoy life) drinking honey and wine in the company of she-monkeys. Their liquor was accompanied by nectarine diet too. They are full of activities. They rise in power like the community of gods in the heaven. Indeed, they are the sons of important Devas and Gandharvas. They indulge in happiness and pleasure. They are righteous. They are excessively proud on account of their boons. They are experts in war. They are very powerful.

Sūta said:: They are bedecked (endowed with) cities of various sizes and shapes. They are equally charming during all the seasons. There are gardens and parks all round. In the grounds of their abodes and in their couches exudes pleasing fragrance of flowers. They have different kinds of unguents and divine embellishments. They are bedecked in all kinds of jewels and have mental (and spiritual) achievements. Those monkeys embellished in divine ornaments (enjoy life) drinking honey and wine in the company of she-monkeys. Their liquor was accompanied by nectarine diet too. They are full of activities. They rise in power like the community of gods in the heaven. Indeed, they are the sons of important Devas and Gandharvas. They indulge in happiness and pleasure. They are righteous. They are excessively proud on account of their boons. They are experts in war. They are very powerful.

Sūta said:: Among all animals they have no mean, or insignificant position. They are devotedly attached to the Devas and Brāhmaṇas. They never become pale and faded. They are truthful. They speak volubly on many matters.

Sūta said:: Those who are endued with forbearance and those who strictly adhere to established custom, usage and conduct of life speak with restriction. They have been created by Brahmā himself to be an ornament unto the forests.

Sūta said:: Those who are endued with forbearance and those who strictly adhere to established custom, usage and conduct of life speak with restriction. They have been created by Brahmā himself to be an ornament unto the forests.

Sūta said:: Those who are endued with forbearance and those who strictly adhere to established custom, usage and conduct of life speak with restriction. They have been created by Brahmā himself to be an ornament unto the forests.

Sūta said:: A powerful son named Vyāghra was born to ūrdhva-dṛṣṭi. Vyāghra had five brothers and five sisters. The sisters were given in marriage by the brothers to the monkeys who were purified in mind and who were suitable to them. He found befitting wives for his brothers as well.

Sūta said:: A powerful son named Vyāghra was born to ūrdhva-dṛṣṭi. Vyāghra had five brothers and five sisters. The sisters were given in marriage by the brothers to the monkeys who were purified in mind and who were suitable to them. He found befitting wives for his brothers as well.

Sūta said:: Śarabha, well renowned in the worlds, was born as the son of Vyāghra. Śarabha’s brothers were also great scholars. They were honoured for their vigour and vitality. They were kings of monkeys. They were well-established in all righteous activities. Śarabha’s son named Śuka was very strong and intelligent.

Sūta said:: Śarabha, well renowned in the worlds, was born as the son of Vyāghra. Śarabha’s brothers were also great scholars. They were honoured for their vigour and vitality. They were kings of monkeys. They were well-established in all righteous activities. Śarabha’s son named Śuka was very strong and intelligent.

Sūta said:: His son too, named Ṛkṣa, born of the belly (womb) of Vyāghrī was very powerful. He was an unassailable emperor. He was the leader of the herds of all monkeys. He had great splendour. He was a persistent slayer of enemies. He was a master of the technique of wielding all sorts of missiles.

Sūta said:: His son too, named Ṛkṣa, born of the belly (womb) of Vyāghrī was very powerful. He was an unassailable emperor. He was the leader of the herds of all monkeys. He had great splendour. He was a persistent slayer of enemies. He was a master of the technique of wielding all sorts of missiles.

Sūta said:: Viraja, the Prajāpati, handed over (in marriage his gold-bedecked daughter endowed with many good qualities to him (i.e. Ṛkṣa) because he was such a specially gifted one. Ṛkṣa the leader of the herds of monkeys married her.

Sūta said:: Viraja, the Prajāpati, handed over (in marriage his gold-bedecked daughter endowed with many good qualities to him (i.e. Ṛkṣa) because he was such a specially gifted one. Ṛkṣa the leader of the herds of monkeys married her.

Sūta said:: That girl of charming smiles was very beautiful to behold. She had limbs free from blemish. On seeing that girl of pleasing appearance Mahendra began to love her.

Sūta said:: Vāli of great valour and manliness was born as her son due to her union with Mahendra. He was as valiant as Mahendra himself.

Sūta said:: Similarly, the sun-god too begot of her in secret his son, a part of himself. He was Sugrīva the leader of the herds of monkeys.

Sūta said:: On seeing both the sons endowed with strength, beauty of form and glorious splendour, Ṛkṣa, the leader of the herds of all the monkeys, had a great deal of delight.

Sūta said:: He crowned his eldest son Vāli who had golden garlands (necklaces). Crowned thus and followed by Sugrīva, Vāli administered the kingdom like the lord of Devas in the heaven.

Sūta said:: He crowned his eldest son Vāli who had golden garlands (necklaces). Crowned thus and followed by Sugrīva, Vāli administered the kingdom like the lord of Devas in the heaven.

Sūta said:: He crowned his eldest son Vāli who had golden garlands (necklaces). Crowned thus and followed by Sugrīva, Vāli administered the kingdom like the lord of Devas in the heaven.

Sūta said:: A son of terrible exploits was born to Aṅgada in the eldest daughter of Mainda. His name was Dhruva. He earned great renown.

Sūta said:: Rumā the splendid daughter of Panasa was the wife of Sugrīva. Three sons of great renown were born to him.

Sūta said:: After finding out very beautiful wives for them the powerful Sugrīva stayed beside Vālī along with his monkey followers.

Sūta said:: The fierce (Sugrīva) stayed with his brother for many years like a Deva (a god).

Sūta said:: The fierce (Sugrīva) stayed with his brother for many years like a Deva (a god).

Sūta said:: The fierce (Sugrīva) stayed with his brother for many years like a Deva (a god).

Sūta said:: The fierce (Sugrīva) stayed with his brother for many years like a Deva (a god).

Sūta said:: The fierce (Sugrīva) stayed with his brother for many years like a Deva (a god).

Sūta said:: Hanumān was a Brahmacārin (observer of the vow of celibacy). He was not joined in wedlock with any woman. He was like another Garuḍa in speed and extensive expedition.

Sūta said:: Hanumān was a Brahmacārin (observer of the vow of celibacy). He was not joined in wedlock with any woman. He was like another Garuḍa in speed and extensive expedition.

Sūta said:: Hanumān was a Brahmacārin (observer of the vow of celibacy). He was not joined in wedlock with any woman. He was like another Garuḍa in speed and extensive expedition.

Sūta said:: They are Tāra, Kusuma, Panasa, Gandhamādana, Rūpaśrī, Vibhava, Gavaya, Vikaṭa, Sara, Suṣeṇa, Sudhanu, Subandhu, Śatadundubhi, Vikaca, Kapila, Raudra, Pāriyātra, Prabhañjana, Kuñjara, Śarabha, Daṃṣṭrin, Kālamūrti, Mahāsukha, Nanda, Kandarasena, Nala, Vāruṇi, Cirava, Karava, Tāmra, Citrayodhin, Rathītara, Bhīma, Śatabali, Kālacakra, Anala, Nala, Yakṣāsya, Gahana, Dhūmra, Pañcaratha, Pārijāta, Mahādīpta, Sutapas, Balasāgara, Śrutāyus, Vijayākāṅkṣin, Gurusevin, Yathārthaka,Dharmacetas, Suhotra, Śālihotra, Sarpaga, Puṇḍra, Avaragātra, Cārurūpa, and Śatrujit.

Sūta said:: They are Tāra, Kusuma, Panasa, Gandhamādana, Rūpaśrī, Vibhava, Gavaya, Vikaṭa, Sara, Suṣeṇa, Sudhanu, Subandhu, Śatadundubhi, Vikaca, Kapila, Raudra, Pāriyātra, Prabhañjana, Kuñjara, Śarabha, Daṃṣṭrin, Kālamūrti, Mahāsukha, Nanda, Kandarasena, Nala, Vāruṇi, Cirava, Karava, Tāmra, Citrayodhin, Rathītara, Bhīma, Śatabali, Kālacakra, Anala, Nala, Yakṣāsya, Gahana, Dhūmra, Pañcaratha, Pārijāta, Mahādīpta, Sutapas, Balasāgara, Śrutāyus, Vijayākāṅkṣin, Gurusevin, Yathārthaka,Dharmacetas, Suhotra, Śālihotra, Sarpaga, Puṇḍra, Avaragātra, Cārurūpa, and Śatrujit.

Sūta said:: They are Tāra, Kusuma, Panasa, Gandhamādana, Rūpaśrī, Vibhava, Gavaya, Vikaṭa, Sara, Suṣeṇa, Sudhanu, Subandhu, Śatadundubhi, Vikaca, Kapila, Raudra, Pāriyātra, Prabhañjana, Kuñjara, Śarabha, Daṃṣṭrin, Kālamūrti, Mahāsukha, Nanda, Kandarasena, Nala, Vāruṇi, Cirava, Karava, Tāmra, Citrayodhin, Rathītara, Bhīma, Śatabali, Kālacakra, Anala, Nala, Yakṣāsya, Gahana, Dhūmra, Pañcaratha, Pārijāta, Mahādīpta, Sutapas, Balasāgara, Śrutāyus, Vijayākāṅkṣin, Gurusevin, Yathārthaka,Dharmacetas, Suhotra, Śālihotra, Sarpaga, Puṇḍra, Avaragātra, Cārurūpa, and Śatrujit.

Sūta said:: They are Tāra, Kusuma, Panasa, Gandhamādana, Rūpaśrī, Vibhava, Gavaya, Vikaṭa, Sara, Suṣeṇa, Sudhanu, Subandhu, Śatadundubhi, Vikaca, Kapila, Raudra, Pāriyātra, Prabhañjana, Kuñjara, Śarabha, Daṃṣṭrin, Kālamūrti, Mahāsukha, Nanda, Kandarasena, Nala, Vāruṇi, Cirava, Karava, Tāmra, Citrayodhin, Rathītara, Bhīma, Śatabali, Kālacakra, Anala, Nala, Yakṣāsya, Gahana, Dhūmra, Pañcaratha, Pārijāta, Mahādīpta, Sutapas, Balasāgara, Śrutāyus, Vijayākāṅkṣin, Gurusevin, Yathārthaka,Dharmacetas, Suhotra, Śālihotra, Sarpaga, Puṇḍra, Avaragātra, Cārurūpa, and Śatrujit.

Sūta said:: They are Tāra, Kusuma, Panasa, Gandhamādana, Rūpaśrī, Vibhava, Gavaya, Vikaṭa, Sara, Suṣeṇa, Sudhanu, Subandhu, Śatadundubhi, Vikaca, Kapila, Raudra, Pāriyātra, Prabhañjana, Kuñjara, Śarabha, Daṃṣṭrin, Kālamūrti, Mahāsukha, Nanda, Kandarasena, Nala, Vāruṇi, Cirava, Karava, Tāmra, Citrayodhin, Rathītara, Bhīma, Śatabali, Kālacakra, Anala, Nala, Yakṣāsya, Gahana, Dhūmra, Pañcaratha, Pārijāta, Mahādīpta, Sutapas, Balasāgara, Śrutāyus, Vijayākāṅkṣin, Gurusevin, Yathārthaka,Dharmacetas, Suhotra, Śālihotra, Sarpaga, Puṇḍra, Avaragātra, Cārurūpa, and Śatrujit.

Sūta said:: They are Tāra, Kusuma, Panasa, Gandhamādana, Rūpaśrī, Vibhava, Gavaya, Vikaṭa, Sara, Suṣeṇa, Sudhanu, Subandhu, Śatadundubhi, Vikaca, Kapila, Raudra, Pāriyātra, Prabhañjana, Kuñjara, Śarabha, Daṃṣṭrin, Kālamūrti, Mahāsukha, Nanda, Kandarasena, Nala, Vāruṇi, Cirava, Karava, Tāmra, Citrayodhin, Rathītara, Bhīma, Śatabali, Kālacakra, Anala, Nala, Yakṣāsya, Gahana, Dhūmra, Pañcaratha, Pārijāta, Mahādīpta, Sutapas, Balasāgara, Śrutāyus, Vijayākāṅkṣin, Gurusevin, Yathārthaka,Dharmacetas, Suhotra, Śālihotra, Sarpaga, Puṇḍra, Avaragātra, Cārurūpa, and Śatrujit.

Sūta said:: They are Tāra, Kusuma, Panasa, Gandhamādana, Rūpaśrī, Vibhava, Gavaya, Vikaṭa, Sara, Suṣeṇa, Sudhanu, Subandhu, Śatadundubhi, Vikaca, Kapila, Raudra, Pāriyātra, Prabhañjana, Kuñjara, Śarabha, Daṃṣṭrin, Kālamūrti, Mahāsukha, Nanda, Kandarasena, Nala, Vāruṇi, Cirava, Karava, Tāmra, Citrayodhin, Rathītara, Bhīma, Śatabali, Kālacakra, Anala, Nala, Yakṣāsya, Gahana, Dhūmra, Pañcaratha, Pārijāta, Mahādīpta, Sutapas, Balasāgara, Śrutāyus, Vijayākāṅkṣin, Gurusevin, Yathārthaka,Dharmacetas, Suhotra, Śālihotra, Sarpaga, Puṇḍra, Avaragātra, Cārurūpa, and Śatrujit.

Sūta said:: (The following also are very important monkeys) viz. Vikaṭa, Kavaṭa, Mainda, Bindukāra, Asurāntaka, Mantrin, Bhīmaratha, Saṅga, Vibhrānta, Cāruhāsavān, Kṣaṇakṣaṇamitāhāra, Dṛḍhabhakti, Pramardana, Jājali, Pañcamukuṭa, Balabandhu, Samāhita, Payaḥkīrti, Śubha, Kṣetra, Binduketu, Sahasrapāt, Navākṣa, Harinetra, Jīmūta, Balāhaka, Gaja, Gavayanāman, Subāhu, Guṇākara, Vīrabāhu, Kṛtin, Kunda, Kṛtakṛtya, Śubhekṣaṇa, Dvivida, Kumuda, Bhāsa, Sumukha, Suruvu, Vṛka, Vikaṭa, Kavaka, Javasena, Vṛṣākṛti, Gavākṣa, Naradeva, Suketu, Vimalānana, Sahasvāra, Śubhakṣetra, Puṣpadhvaṃsa, Vilohita, Navacandra, Bahuguṇa, Saptahotra, Marīcimān, Godhāman, Dhaneśa, Golāṅgūla and Netravān.

Sūta said:: (The following also are very important monkeys) viz. Vikaṭa, Kavaṭa, Mainda, Bindukāra, Asurāntaka, Mantrin, Bhīmaratha, Saṅga, Vibhrānta, Cāruhāsavān, Kṣaṇakṣaṇamitāhāra, Dṛḍhabhakti, Pramardana, Jājali, Pañcamukuṭa, Balabandhu, Samāhita, Payaḥkīrti, Śubha, Kṣetra, Binduketu, Sahasrapāt, Navākṣa, Harinetra, Jīmūta, Balāhaka, Gaja, Gavayanāman, Subāhu, Guṇākara, Vīrabāhu, Kṛtin, Kunda, Kṛtakṛtya, Śubhekṣaṇa, Dvivida, Kumuda, Bhāsa, Sumukha, Suruvu, Vṛka, Vikaṭa, Kavaka, Javasena, Vṛṣākṛti, Gavākṣa, Naradeva, Suketu, Vimalānana, Sahasvāra, Śubhakṣetra, Puṣpadhvaṃsa, Vilohita, Navacandra, Bahuguṇa, Saptahotra, Marīcimān, Godhāman, Dhaneśa, Golāṅgūla and Netravān.

Sūta said:: (The following also are very important monkeys) viz. Vikaṭa, Kavaṭa, Mainda, Bindukāra, Asurāntaka, Mantrin, Bhīmaratha, Saṅga, Vibhrānta, Cāruhāsavān, Kṣaṇakṣaṇamitāhāra, Dṛḍhabhakti, Pramardana, Jājali, Pañcamukuṭa, Balabandhu, Samāhita, Payaḥkīrti, Śubha, Kṣetra, Binduketu, Sahasrapāt, Navākṣa, Harinetra, Jīmūta, Balāhaka, Gaja, Gavayanāman, Subāhu, Guṇākara, Vīrabāhu, Kṛtin, Kunda, Kṛtakṛtya, Śubhekṣaṇa, Dvivida, Kumuda, Bhāsa, Sumukha, Suruvu, Vṛka, Vikaṭa, Kavaka, Javasena, Vṛṣākṛti, Gavākṣa, Naradeva, Suketu, Vimalānana, Sahasvāra, Śubhakṣetra, Puṣpadhvaṃsa, Vilohita, Navacandra, Bahuguṇa, Saptahotra, Marīcimān, Godhāman, Dhaneśa, Golāṅgūla and Netravān.

Sūta said:: (The following also are very important monkeys) viz. Vikaṭa, Kavaṭa, Mainda, Bindukāra, Asurāntaka, Mantrin, Bhīmaratha, Saṅga, Vibhrānta, Cāruhāsavān, Kṣaṇakṣaṇamitāhāra, Dṛḍhabhakti, Pramardana, Jājali, Pañcamukuṭa, Balabandhu, Samāhita, Payaḥkīrti, Śubha, Kṣetra, Binduketu, Sahasrapāt, Navākṣa, Harinetra, Jīmūta, Balāhaka, Gaja, Gavayanāman, Subāhu, Guṇākara, Vīrabāhu, Kṛtin, Kunda, Kṛtakṛtya, Śubhekṣaṇa, Dvivida, Kumuda, Bhāsa, Sumukha, Suruvu, Vṛka, Vikaṭa, Kavaka, Javasena, Vṛṣākṛti, Gavākṣa, Naradeva, Suketu, Vimalānana, Sahasvāra, Śubhakṣetra, Puṣpadhvaṃsa, Vilohita, Navacandra, Bahuguṇa, Saptahotra, Marīcimān, Godhāman, Dhaneśa, Golāṅgūla and Netravān.

Sūta said:: (The following also are very important monkeys) viz. Vikaṭa, Kavaṭa, Mainda, Bindukāra, Asurāntaka, Mantrin, Bhīmaratha, Saṅga, Vibhrānta, Cāruhāsavān, Kṣaṇakṣaṇamitāhāra, Dṛḍhabhakti, Pramardana, Jājali, Pañcamukuṭa, Balabandhu, Samāhita, Payaḥkīrti, Śubha, Kṣetra, Binduketu, Sahasrapāt, Navākṣa, Harinetra, Jīmūta, Balāhaka, Gaja, Gavayanāman, Subāhu, Guṇākara, Vīrabāhu, Kṛtin, Kunda, Kṛtakṛtya, Śubhekṣaṇa, Dvivida, Kumuda, Bhāsa, Sumukha, Suruvu, Vṛka, Vikaṭa, Kavaka, Javasena, Vṛṣākṛti, Gavākṣa, Naradeva, Suketu, Vimalānana, Sahasvāra, Śubhakṣetra, Puṣpadhvaṃsa, Vilohita, Navacandra, Bahuguṇa, Saptahotra, Marīcimān, Godhāman, Dhaneśa, Golāṅgūla and Netravān.

Sūta said:: (The following also are very important monkeys) viz. Vikaṭa, Kavaṭa, Mainda, Bindukāra, Asurāntaka, Mantrin, Bhīmaratha, Saṅga, Vibhrānta, Cāruhāsavān, Kṣaṇakṣaṇamitāhāra, Dṛḍhabhakti, Pramardana, Jājali, Pañcamukuṭa, Balabandhu, Samāhita, Payaḥkīrti, Śubha, Kṣetra, Binduketu, Sahasrapāt, Navākṣa, Harinetra, Jīmūta, Balāhaka, Gaja, Gavayanāman, Subāhu, Guṇākara, Vīrabāhu, Kṛtin, Kunda, Kṛtakṛtya, Śubhekṣaṇa, Dvivida, Kumuda, Bhāsa, Sumukha, Suruvu, Vṛka, Vikaṭa, Kavaka, Javasena, Vṛṣākṛti, Gavākṣa, Naradeva, Suketu, Vimalānana, Sahasvāra, Śubhakṣetra, Puṣpadhvaṃsa, Vilohita, Navacandra, Bahuguṇa, Saptahotra, Marīcimān, Godhāman, Dhaneśa, Golāṅgūla and Netravān.

Sūta said:: (The following also are very important monkeys) viz. Vikaṭa, Kavaṭa, Mainda, Bindukāra, Asurāntaka, Mantrin, Bhīmaratha, Saṅga, Vibhrānta, Cāruhāsavān, Kṣaṇakṣaṇamitāhāra, Dṛḍhabhakti, Pramardana, Jājali, Pañcamukuṭa, Balabandhu, Samāhita, Payaḥkīrti, Śubha, Kṣetra, Binduketu, Sahasrapāt, Navākṣa, Harinetra, Jīmūta, Balāhaka, Gaja, Gavayanāman, Subāhu, Guṇākara, Vīrabāhu, Kṛtin, Kunda, Kṛtakṛtya, Śubhekṣaṇa, Dvivida, Kumuda, Bhāsa, Sumukha, Suruvu, Vṛka, Vikaṭa, Kavaka, Javasena, Vṛṣākṛti, Gavākṣa, Naradeva, Suketu, Vimalānana, Sahasvāra, Śubhakṣetra, Puṣpadhvaṃsa, Vilohita, Navacandra, Bahuguṇa, Saptahotra, Marīcimān, Godhāman, Dhaneśa, Golāṅgūla and Netravān.

Sūta said:: Thus these monkeys have been enumerated in view of their real importance. Since the names are many, they cannot be described in full.

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Sūta said:: Vāli of great vitality thus defeated Rāvaṇa who had made the worlds cry. As Rāvaṇa became delirious and unconscious, he released him from the grip of his arms and placed him at the root of a tree. Haughty, on account of excessive strength, he sprinkled cold water on Rāvaṇa from his head to his foot. When Rāvaṇa regained consciousness, Vāli pretended to be surprised. The lord of monkeys then spoke to the king of Rākṣasas who was very fierce in battle.

Sūta said:: Vāli of great vitality thus defeated Rāvaṇa who had made the worlds cry. As Rāvaṇa became delirious and unconscious, he released him from the grip of his arms and placed him at the root of a tree. Haughty, on account of excessive strength, he sprinkled cold water on Rāvaṇa from his head to his foot. When Rāvaṇa regained consciousness, Vāli pretended to be surprised. The lord of monkeys then spoke to the king of Rākṣasas who was very fierce in battle.

Sūta said:: Vāli of great vitality thus defeated Rāvaṇa who had made the worlds cry. As Rāvaṇa became delirious and unconscious, he released him from the grip of his arms and placed him at the root of a tree. Haughty, on account of excessive strength, he sprinkled cold water on Rāvaṇa from his head to his foot. When Rāvaṇa regained consciousness, Vāli pretended to be surprised. The lord of monkeys then spoke to the king of Rākṣasas who was very fierce in battle.

Sūta said:: “O king of Rākṣasas, having exploits equal to those of Mahendra, you have conquered innumerable armies in battle and defeated Yama and his ministers. Varuṇa, Kubera, the moon, the sun-god, groups of Maruts, Rudras, Ādityas, Aśvins, Vasus, Daityas, Kālakeyas, Dānavas of very great power, Siddhas, Gandharvas, Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, serpents, excellent leaders of birds, the planets, the stars, constellations, goblins, ghosts, proud of their specially increased strength, and hundreds and thousands of kings of human beings. In spite of having all these achievements and qualifications (you have been defeated by me).

Sūta said:: “O king of Rākṣasas, having exploits equal to those of Mahendra, you have conquered innumerable armies in battle and defeated Yama and his ministers. Varuṇa, Kubera, the moon, the sun-god, groups of Maruts, Rudras, Ādityas, Aśvins, Vasus, Daityas, Kālakeyas, Dānavas of very great power, Siddhas, Gandharvas, Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, serpents, excellent leaders of birds, the planets, the stars, constellations, goblins, ghosts, proud of their specially increased strength, and hundreds and thousands of kings of human beings. In spite of having all these achievements and qualifications (you have been defeated by me).

Sūta said:: “O king of Rākṣasas, having exploits equal to those of Mahendra, you have conquered innumerable armies in battle and defeated Yama and his ministers. Varuṇa, Kubera, the moon, the sun-god, groups of Maruts, Rudras, Ādityas, Aśvins, Vasus, Daityas, Kālakeyas, Dānavas of very great power, Siddhas, Gandharvas, Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, serpents, excellent leaders of birds, the planets, the stars, constellations, goblins, ghosts, proud of their specially increased strength, and hundreds and thousands of kings of human beings. In spite of having all these achievements and qualifications (you have been defeated by me).

Sūta said:: “O king of Rākṣasas, having exploits equal to those of Mahendra, you have conquered innumerable armies in battle and defeated Yama and his ministers. Varuṇa, Kubera, the moon, the sun-god, groups of Maruts, Rudras, Ādityas, Aśvins, Vasus, Daityas, Kālakeyas, Dānavas of very great power, Siddhas, Gandharvas, Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, serpents, excellent leaders of birds, the planets, the stars, constellations, goblins, ghosts, proud of their specially increased strength, and hundreds and thousands of kings of human beings. In spite of having all these achievements and qualifications (you have been defeated by me).

Sūta said:: “O king of Rākṣasas, having exploits equal to those of Mahendra, you have conquered innumerable armies in battle and defeated Yama and his ministers. Varuṇa, Kubera, the moon, the sun-god, groups of Maruts, Rudras, Ādityas, Aśvins, Vasus, Daityas, Kālakeyas, Dānavas of very great power, Siddhas, Gandharvas, Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, serpents, excellent leaders of birds, the planets, the stars, constellations, goblins, ghosts, proud of their specially increased strength, and hundreds and thousands of kings of human beings. In spite of having all these achievements and qualifications (you have been defeated by me).

Sūta said:: “O king of Rākṣasas, having exploits equal to those of Mahendra, you have conquered innumerable armies in battle and defeated Yama and his ministers. Varuṇa, Kubera, the moon, the sun-god, groups of Maruts, Rudras, Ādityas, Aśvins, Vasus, Daityas, Kālakeyas, Dānavas of very great power, Siddhas, Gandharvas, Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, serpents, excellent leaders of birds, the planets, the stars, constellations, goblins, ghosts, proud of their specially increased strength, and hundreds and thousands of kings of human beings. In spite of having all these achievements and qualifications (you have been defeated by me).

Sūta said:: “O king of Rākṣasas, having exploits equal to those of Mahendra, you have conquered innumerable armies in battle and defeated Yama and his ministers. Varuṇa, Kubera, the moon, the sun-god, groups of Maruts, Rudras, Ādityas, Aśvins, Vasus, Daityas, Kālakeyas, Dānavas of very great power, Siddhas, Gandharvas, Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, serpents, excellent leaders of birds, the planets, the stars, constellations, goblins, ghosts, proud of their specially increased strength, and hundreds and thousands of kings of human beings. In spite of having all these achievements and qualifications (you have been defeated by me).

Sūta said:: “O king of Rākṣasas, having exploits equal to those of Mahendra, you have conquered innumerable armies in battle and defeated Yama and his ministers. Varuṇa, Kubera, the moon, the sun-god, groups of Maruts, Rudras, Ādityas, Aśvins, Vasus, Daityas, Kālakeyas, Dānavas of very great power, Siddhas, Gandharvas, Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, serpents, excellent leaders of birds, the planets, the stars, constellations, goblins, ghosts, proud of their specially increased strength, and hundreds and thousands of kings of human beings. In spite of having all these achievements and qualifications (you have been defeated by me).

Sūta said:: How is it that you, in spite of being an unconquerable powerful hero, have been condemned to such a plight as this. Tell me, O leading Rākṣasa of Brāhmaṇa caste, what is the reason hereof?

Sūta said:: Freedom from fear has been given unto you by me. Rest assured. You have nothing to fear.”

Sūta said:: Freedom from fear has been given unto you by me. Rest assured. You have nothing to fear.”

Sūta said:: Freedom from fear has been given unto you by me. Rest assured. You have nothing to fear.”

Sūta said:: O heroic warrior, never will a fight ensue with you, from my side.”

Sūta said:: O heroic warrior, never will a fight ensue with you, from my side.”

Sūta said:: After defeating the lord of the Rākṣasas at Puṣkara in battle, the powerful Vāli performed many Yajñas where food and drink were supplied in plenty and in which hundreds and thousands of monetary gifts were distributed in an increased scale. He performed Agniṣṭomas, Aśvamedhas (horse-sacrifices), Rājasūyas, Nṛmedhas (human sacrifices) and all kinds of sacrifices, accompanied by all kinds of charitable gifts. He propitiated the Devas and Devendra by means of many offerings. He propitiated Brahmā by performing Homas in the fire for many years. He was happy in the company of his younger brother Sugrīva. He had nothing to fear from any quarter. He looked after the kingdom of monkeys. He was devoted to the Brāhmaṇas. He considered Brahman to be the supreme one. He was (as it were) a bridge of righteousness. He was engaged in holy rites. He was conversant with all sacred scriptures. He sported about and enjoyed life for many years. During his Sacrifices, Nārada the celestial sage, sang this verse of praise.

Sūta said:: After defeating the lord of the Rākṣasas at Puṣkara in battle, the powerful Vāli performed many Yajñas where food and drink were supplied in plenty and in which hundreds and thousands of monetary gifts were distributed in an increased scale. He performed Agniṣṭomas, Aśvamedhas (horse-sacrifices), Rājasūyas, Nṛmedhas (human sacrifices) and all kinds of sacrifices, accompanied by all kinds of charitable gifts. He propitiated the Devas and Devendra by means of many offerings. He propitiated Brahmā by performing Homas in the fire for many years. He was happy in the company of his younger brother Sugrīva. He had nothing to fear from any quarter. He looked after the kingdom of monkeys. He was devoted to the Brāhmaṇas. He considered Brahman to be the supreme one. He was (as it were) a bridge of righteousness. He was engaged in holy rites. He was conversant with all sacred scriptures. He sported about and enjoyed life for many years. During his Sacrifices, Nārada the celestial sage, sang this verse of praise.

Sūta said:: After defeating the lord of the Rākṣasas at Puṣkara in battle, the powerful Vāli performed many Yajñas where food and drink were supplied in plenty and in which hundreds and thousands of monetary gifts were distributed in an increased scale. He performed Agniṣṭomas, Aśvamedhas (horse-sacrifices), Rājasūyas, Nṛmedhas (human sacrifices) and all kinds of sacrifices, accompanied by all kinds of charitable gifts. He propitiated the Devas and Devendra by means of many offerings. He propitiated Brahmā by performing Homas in the fire for many years. He was happy in the company of his younger brother Sugrīva. He had nothing to fear from any quarter. He looked after the kingdom of monkeys. He was devoted to the Brāhmaṇas. He considered Brahman to be the supreme one. He was (as it were) a bridge of righteousness. He was engaged in holy rites. He was conversant with all sacred scriptures. He sported about and enjoyed life for many years. During his Sacrifices, Nārada the celestial sage, sang this verse of praise.

Sūta said:: After defeating the lord of the Rākṣasas at Puṣkara in battle, the powerful Vāli performed many Yajñas where food and drink were supplied in plenty and in which hundreds and thousands of monetary gifts were distributed in an increased scale. He performed Agniṣṭomas, Aśvamedhas (horse-sacrifices), Rājasūyas, Nṛmedhas (human sacrifices) and all kinds of sacrifices, accompanied by all kinds of charitable gifts. He propitiated the Devas and Devendra by means of many offerings. He propitiated Brahmā by performing Homas in the fire for many years. He was happy in the company of his younger brother Sugrīva. He had nothing to fear from any quarter. He looked after the kingdom of monkeys. He was devoted to the Brāhmaṇas. He considered Brahman to be the supreme one. He was (as it were) a bridge of righteousness. He was engaged in holy rites. He was conversant with all sacred scriptures. He sported about and enjoyed life for many years. During his Sacrifices, Nārada the celestial sage, sang this verse of praise.

Sūta said:: After defeating the lord of the Rākṣasas at Puṣkara in battle, the powerful Vāli performed many Yajñas where food and drink were supplied in plenty and in which hundreds and thousands of monetary gifts were distributed in an increased scale. He performed Agniṣṭomas, Aśvamedhas (horse-sacrifices), Rājasūyas, Nṛmedhas (human sacrifices) and all kinds of sacrifices, accompanied by all kinds of charitable gifts. He propitiated the Devas and Devendra by means of many offerings. He propitiated Brahmā by performing Homas in the fire for many years. He was happy in the company of his younger brother Sugrīva. He had nothing to fear from any quarter. He looked after the kingdom of monkeys. He was devoted to the Brāhmaṇas. He considered Brahman to be the supreme one. He was (as it were) a bridge of righteousness. He was engaged in holy rites. He was conversant with all sacred scriptures. He sported about and enjoyed life for many years. During his Sacrifices, Nārada the celestial sage, sang this verse of praise.

Sūta said:: After defeating the lord of the Rākṣasas at Puṣkara in battle, the powerful Vāli performed many Yajñas where food and drink were supplied in plenty and in which hundreds and thousands of monetary gifts were distributed in an increased scale. He performed Agniṣṭomas, Aśvamedhas (horse-sacrifices), Rājasūyas, Nṛmedhas (human sacrifices) and all kinds of sacrifices, accompanied by all kinds of charitable gifts. He propitiated the Devas and Devendra by means of many offerings. He propitiated Brahmā by performing Homas in the fire for many years. He was happy in the company of his younger brother Sugrīva. He had nothing to fear from any quarter. He looked after the kingdom of monkeys. He was devoted to the Brāhmaṇas. He considered Brahman to be the supreme one. He was (as it were) a bridge of righteousness. He was engaged in holy rites. He was conversant with all sacred scriptures. He sported about and enjoyed life for many years. During his Sacrifices, Nārada the celestial sage, sang this verse of praise.

Sūta said:: After defeating the lord of the Rākṣasas at Puṣkara in battle, the powerful Vāli performed many Yajñas where food and drink were supplied in plenty and in which hundreds and thousands of monetary gifts were distributed in an increased scale. He performed Agniṣṭomas, Aśvamedhas (horse-sacrifices), Rājasūyas, Nṛmedhas (human sacrifices) and all kinds of sacrifices, accompanied by all kinds of charitable gifts. He propitiated the Devas and Devendra by means of many offerings. He propitiated Brahmā by performing Homas in the fire for many years. He was happy in the company of his younger brother Sugrīva. He had nothing to fear from any quarter. He looked after the kingdom of monkeys. He was devoted to the Brāhmaṇas. He considered Brahman to be the supreme one. He was (as it were) a bridge of righteousness. He was engaged in holy rites. He was conversant with all sacred scriptures. He sported about and enjoyed life for many years. During his Sacrifices, Nārada the celestial sage, sang this verse of praise.

Śāṃśapāyana said:: O! how powerful and excessively efficient was Vāli the son of Mahendra. He had performed thousands of Yajñas. He was extremely unconquerable. Vāli has been described as a highly intelligent emperor by you. Recount to us how Mārtaṇḍa came to be known so. O holy lord of very sacred rites, explain its etymologial derivation factually.

Śāṃśapāyana said:: O! how powerful and excessively efficient was Vāli the son of Mahendra. He had performed thousands of Yajñas. He was extremely unconquerable. Vāli has been described as a highly intelligent emperor by you. Recount to us how Mārtaṇḍa came to be known so. O holy lord of very sacred rites, explain its etymologial derivation factually.

Sūta said:: While the living beings were being created, Prajāpati himself brought the greatest splendour in the three worlds and deposited it within the heart of Aditi since he had great yogic power.

Sūta said:: While the living beings were being created, Prajāpati himself brought the greatest splendour in the three worlds and deposited it within the heart of Aditi since he had great yogic power.

Sūta said:: While the living beings were being created, Prajāpati himself brought the greatest splendour in the three worlds and deposited it within the heart of Aditi since he had great yogic power.

Sūta said:: It increased excessively. The Devas became devoid of splendour on coining to know that the foetus had been evolved wholly out of their own brilliance which had been taken away. They became afraid and said to Prajāpati—“How shall this be to us, (What will become of us)? O lord, the strength and brilliance of this (foetus) evolved by you is excessive. How can we exist? O perpetual one surely we shall be finished. There is no doubt that all living beings here, both mobile and immobile will become burnt before long. O excellent Brāhmaṇa, consider over this (point), withdraw the strength and splendour deposited within the egg so that it will be conducive to our welfare. The renown and potentiality of the splendour burns all round rapidly.

Sūta said:: It increased excessively. The Devas became devoid of splendour on coining to know that the foetus had been evolved wholly out of their own brilliance which had been taken away. They became afraid and said to Prajāpati—“How shall this be to us, (What will become of us)? O lord, the strength and brilliance of this (foetus) evolved by you is excessive. How can we exist? O perpetual one surely we shall be finished. There is no doubt that all living beings here, both mobile and immobile will become burnt before long. O excellent Brāhmaṇa, consider over this (point), withdraw the strength and splendour deposited within the egg so that it will be conducive to our welfare. The renown and potentiality of the splendour burns all round rapidly.

Sūta said:: It increased excessively. The Devas became devoid of splendour on coining to know that the foetus had been evolved wholly out of their own brilliance which had been taken away. They became afraid and said to Prajāpati—“How shall this be to us, (What will become of us)? O lord, the strength and brilliance of this (foetus) evolved by you is excessive. How can we exist? O perpetual one surely we shall be finished. There is no doubt that all living beings here, both mobile and immobile will become burnt before long. O excellent Brāhmaṇa, consider over this (point), withdraw the strength and splendour deposited within the egg so that it will be conducive to our welfare. The renown and potentiality of the splendour burns all round rapidly.

Sūta said:: It increased excessively. The Devas became devoid of splendour on coining to know that the foetus had been evolved wholly out of their own brilliance which had been taken away. They became afraid and said to Prajāpati—“How shall this be to us, (What will become of us)? O lord, the strength and brilliance of this (foetus) evolved by you is excessive. How can we exist? O perpetual one surely we shall be finished. There is no doubt that all living beings here, both mobile and immobile will become burnt before long. O excellent Brāhmaṇa, consider over this (point), withdraw the strength and splendour deposited within the egg so that it will be conducive to our welfare. The renown and potentiality of the splendour burns all round rapidly.

Sūta said:: It increased excessively. The Devas became devoid of splendour on coining to know that the foetus had been evolved wholly out of their own brilliance which had been taken away. They became afraid and said to Prajāpati—“How shall this be to us, (What will become of us)? O lord, the strength and brilliance of this (foetus) evolved by you is excessive. How can we exist? O perpetual one surely we shall be finished. There is no doubt that all living beings here, both mobile and immobile will become burnt before long. O excellent Brāhmaṇa, consider over this (point), withdraw the strength and splendour deposited within the egg so that it will be conducive to our welfare. The renown and potentiality of the splendour burns all round rapidly.

Sūta said:: After reflection, the lord Prajāpati pulled it off. He infused strength in the egg. Then the child was within the egg. They say that what was the infused strength is the egg (?) The brilliance is considered to be the child. When it was taken out of the belly it resembled a dead lump. Thereupon, Prajāpati examined it, and split the egg into two. Placing the two pieces (side by side), he saw in one of them the foetus overwhelmed by weakness. It was however full of brilliance. At once he lifted it up and placed it in the lap of Aditi. He said—“He has the state of being born of Aditi. Since he was born dead (Mṛta) as an egg (Aṇḍa) Savitṛ (the sun) is called Mārtaṇḍa by the learned men.

Sūta said:: After reflection, the lord Prajāpati pulled it off. He infused strength in the egg. Then the child was within the egg. They say that what was the infused strength is the egg (?) The brilliance is considered to be the child. When it was taken out of the belly it resembled a dead lump. Thereupon, Prajāpati examined it, and split the egg into two. Placing the two pieces (side by side), he saw in one of them the foetus overwhelmed by weakness. It was however full of brilliance. At once he lifted it up and placed it in the lap of Aditi. He said—“He has the state of being born of Aditi. Since he was born dead (Mṛta) as an egg (Aṇḍa) Savitṛ (the sun) is called Mārtaṇḍa by the learned men.

Sūta said:: After reflection, the lord Prajāpati pulled it off. He infused strength in the egg. Then the child was within the egg. They say that what was the infused strength is the egg (?) The brilliance is considered to be the child. When it was taken out of the belly it resembled a dead lump. Thereupon, Prajāpati examined it, and split the egg into two. Placing the two pieces (side by side), he saw in one of them the foetus overwhelmed by weakness. It was however full of brilliance. At once he lifted it up and placed it in the lap of Aditi. He said—“He has the state of being born of Aditi. Since he was born dead (Mṛta) as an egg (Aṇḍa) Savitṛ (the sun) is called Mārtaṇḍa by the learned men.

Sūta said:: After reflection, the lord Prajāpati pulled it off. He infused strength in the egg. Then the child was within the egg. They say that what was the infused strength is the egg (?) The brilliance is considered to be the child. When it was taken out of the belly it resembled a dead lump. Thereupon, Prajāpati examined it, and split the egg into two. Placing the two pieces (side by side), he saw in one of them the foetus overwhelmed by weakness. It was however full of brilliance. At once he lifted it up and placed it in the lap of Aditi. He said—“He has the state of being born of Aditi. Since he was born dead (Mṛta) as an egg (Aṇḍa) Savitṛ (the sun) is called Mārtaṇḍa by the learned men.

Sūta said:: After reflection, the lord Prajāpati pulled it off. He infused strength in the egg. Then the child was within the egg. They say that what was the infused strength is the egg (?) The brilliance is considered to be the child. When it was taken out of the belly it resembled a dead lump. Thereupon, Prajāpati examined it, and split the egg into two. Placing the two pieces (side by side), he saw in one of them the foetus overwhelmed by weakness. It was however full of brilliance. At once he lifted it up and placed it in the lap of Aditi. He said—“He has the state of being born of Aditi. Since he was born dead (Mṛta) as an egg (Aṇḍa) Savitṛ (the sun) is called Mārtaṇḍa by the learned men.

Sūta said:: Prapitāmaha (the great grandfather, Brahmā) created more brilliance in it. It is considered that what were the two egg-shells, had got very great power (i.e. the strength of the egg-shells was great).

Sūta said:: The lord placed them separately in her navel and gave them to Irāvatī. With a wish for procreation, he stuffed them into her belly:

Sūta said:: Thereupon, four lordly elephants were born to Irāvatī. They were very powerful and they became the befitting vehicles of Devas. They were honoured by the worlds.

Sūta said:: They were Airāyaṇa, Kumuda, Añjana and Vāmana. I shall describe them unto you in detail later on.

Sūta said:: Lord Savitṛ (sun) who directly blazes with his rays, is very important in this world on account of his superior and unlimited strength and brilliance. It is Savitṛ who illuminates this universe that had been devoid of light. O Brāhmaṇas, the exterior of Lokāloka is enveloped in darkness. The proof for this has been fully stated by me factually O excellent Brāhmaṇas. This had been heard by me from the holy noble-souled lord Vyāsa, the son of Parāśara. Formerly, this had been narrated by Sanatkumāra as well as Vāyu. After reflecting deeply, this has been recounted by others too in different ways.

Sūta said:: Lord Savitṛ (sun) who directly blazes with his rays, is very important in this world on account of his superior and unlimited strength and brilliance. It is Savitṛ who illuminates this universe that had been devoid of light. O Brāhmaṇas, the exterior of Lokāloka is enveloped in darkness. The proof for this has been fully stated by me factually O excellent Brāhmaṇas. This had been heard by me from the holy noble-souled lord Vyāsa, the son of Parāśara. Formerly, this had been narrated by Sanatkumāra as well as Vāyu. After reflecting deeply, this has been recounted by others too in different ways.

Sūta said:: Lord Savitṛ (sun) who directly blazes with his rays, is very important in this world on account of his superior and unlimited strength and brilliance. It is Savitṛ who illuminates this universe that had been devoid of light. O Brāhmaṇas, the exterior of Lokāloka is enveloped in darkness. The proof for this has been fully stated by me factually O excellent Brāhmaṇas. This had been heard by me from the holy noble-souled lord Vyāsa, the son of Parāśara. Formerly, this had been narrated by Sanatkumāra as well as Vāyu. After reflecting deeply, this has been recounted by others too in different ways.

Sūta said:: Lord Savitṛ (sun) who directly blazes with his rays, is very important in this world on account of his superior and unlimited strength and brilliance. It is Savitṛ who illuminates this universe that had been devoid of light. O Brāhmaṇas, the exterior of Lokāloka is enveloped in darkness. The proof for this has been fully stated by me factually O excellent Brāhmaṇas. This had been heard by me from the holy noble-souled lord Vyāsa, the son of Parāśara. Formerly, this had been narrated by Sanatkumāra as well as Vāyu. After reflecting deeply, this has been recounted by others too in different ways.

Sūta said:: The merit that one acquires after listening to the nectar-like Purāṇas is conducive to the achievement of all objects. (He who listens to it) roams about fearlessly even after undergoing a hundred transmigrations into other species.

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Sūta said:: His daughter Jāmbavatī was born of Vyāghrī. That lady of lotus-like eyes was given in marriage to Vāsudeva (i.e. Śrīkṛṣṇa) by her father.

Sūta said:: Other children too, very powerful sons were born to the king of bears. They were Jayanta, Sarvajña, Mṛgarāṭ, Saṅkṛti, Jaya, Mārjāra, Balibāhu, Lakṣaṇajña, Śrutārthakṛt, Bhoja, Rākṣasajit, Piśāca, Vanagocara, Śarabha, Śalabha, Vyāghra and Siṃha. They had hundreds and thousands of sons and grandsons.

Sūta said:: Other children too, very powerful sons were born to the king of bears. They were Jayanta, Sarvajña, Mṛgarāṭ, Saṅkṛti, Jaya, Mārjāra, Balibāhu, Lakṣaṇajña, Śrutārthakṛt, Bhoja, Rākṣasajit, Piśāca, Vanagocara, Śarabha, Śalabha, Vyāghra and Siṃha. They had hundreds and thousands of sons and grandsons.

Sūta said:: Other children too, very powerful sons were born to the king of bears. They were Jayanta, Sarvajña, Mṛgarāṭ, Saṅkṛti, Jaya, Mārjāra, Balibāhu, Lakṣaṇajña, Śrutārthakṛt, Bhoja, Rākṣasajit, Piśāca, Vanagocara, Śarabha, Śalabha, Vyāghra and Siṃha. They had hundreds and thousands of sons and grandsons.

Sūta said:: Only the group of the Ṛkṣas (bears) is honoured by the Devas and the Dānavas.

Sūta said:: Only the group of the Ṛkṣas (bears) is honoured by the Devas and the Dānavas.

Sūta said:: Only the group of the Ṛkṣas (bears) is honoured by the Devas and the Dānavas.

Sūta said:: They stay in villages, parts of forests, hollows of trees, caves, houses and inner apartments of abodes.

Sūta said:: They move about by means of different modes of walking; they are clever, they are seen in villages; they move about in forests. They stay (in both the places) naturally.

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Sūta said:: Two sons were born to Saramā. They were brave and extremely unbearable. They were Śyāma and Śabala. They are remembered as the attendants of Yama.

Sūta said:: Their sons were unassailable. They were blessed with sons and grandsons. Their race became well renowned for ever among Sārameyas (Dogs).

Sūta said:: At present, the animals of the same species are very strong. They have hideous forms. They give trouble to men belonging to every caste and community. They can have a residence attached to the villages also (i.e. they can be domestically trained and kept in villages).

Sūta said:: At present, the animals of the same species are very strong. They have hideous forms. They give trouble to men belonging to every caste and community. They can have a residence attached to the villages also (i.e. they can be domestically trained and kept in villages).

Sūta said:: At present, the animals of the same species are very strong. They have hideous forms. They give trouble to men belonging to every caste and community. They can have a residence attached to the villages also (i.e. they can be domestically trained and kept in villages).

Sūta said:: At present, the animals of the same species are very strong. They have hideous forms. They give trouble to men belonging to every caste and community. They can have a residence attached to the villages also (i.e. they can be domestically trained and kept in villages).

Sūta said:: At present, the animals of the same species are very strong. They have hideous forms. They give trouble to men belonging to every caste and community. They can have a residence attached to the villages also (i.e. they can be domestically trained and kept in villages).

Sūta said:: There are eleven species (varieties of monkeys) viz.—Dvīpins, Śarabhas, Siṃhas, Vyāghras, Nīlas, Śalyakas, Ṛkṣas, Mārjāras, Lohaṃsas (?), Vānaras and Māyus. These are considered to be the eleven species of monkeys. The leader of all these is the valiant king Vāli.

Sūta said:: There are eleven species (varieties of monkeys) viz.—Dvīpins, Śarabhas, Siṃhas, Vyāghras, Nīlas, Śalyakas, Ṛkṣas, Mārjāras, Lohaṃsas (?), Vānaras and Māyus. These are considered to be the eleven species of monkeys. The leader of all these is the valiant king Vāli.

Sūta said:: In the course of the battles between the Devas and the Asuras, he was the violent slayer of the terrible and powerful Asuras who would rather get slain (than submit), because they were perpetually self-respecting.

Sūta said:: It was for the destruction of the haughty hordes (or, the strength of the haughty) that this host (of monkeys) had been created formerly by the noble-souled Brahmā, the sustainer of the worlds. This group had been intended by him as one that would render help to Mahendra.

Sūta said:: It was for the destruction of the haughty hordes (or, the strength of the haughty) that this host (of monkeys) had been created formerly by the noble-souled Brahmā, the sustainer of the worlds. This group had been intended by him as one that would render help to Mahendra.

Sūta said:: Bhauvana (i.e. Viśvakarman, the architect of the gods) brought together the two egg-shells of the sun. Holding them with both of his hands, he sang the Rathantara (a Sāman Mantra).

Sūta said:: Even as the Sāman mantra was being sung, Bhauvana hastened to Irāvatī and gave them to her for the purpose of sons.

Sūta said:: Since he was the son of Irāvatī he is remembered as Airāvata. Since he was the vehicle of the king of the Devas that king of elephants was the first and the foremost.

Sūta said:: Airāvata the glorious elephant has the lustre of white clouds. He has four tusks (teeth) (Here the text is defective). Añjana is an elephant with golden colour. It has only a single tusk (?) Bhadra the vehicle of Bali has six tusks.

Sūta said:: Airāvata the glorious elephant has the lustre of white clouds. He has four tusks (teeth) (Here the text is defective). Añjana is an elephant with golden colour. It has only a single tusk (?) Bhadra the vehicle of Bali has six tusks.

Sūta said:: Airāvata the glorious elephant has the lustre of white clouds. He has four tusks (teeth) (Here the text is defective). Añjana is an elephant with golden colour. It has only a single tusk (?) Bhadra the vehicle of Bali has six tusks.

Sūta said:: Airāvata the glorious elephant has the lustre of white clouds. He has four tusks (teeth) (Here the text is defective). Añjana is an elephant with golden colour. It has only a single tusk (?) Bhadra the vehicle of Bali has six tusks.

Sūta said:: Airāvata the glorious elephant has the lustre of white clouds. He has four tusks (teeth) (Here the text is defective). Añjana is an elephant with golden colour. It has only a single tusk (?) Bhadra the vehicle of Bali has six tusks.

Sūta said:: Airāvata the glorious elephant has the lustre of white clouds. He has four tusks (teeth) (Here the text is defective). Añjana is an elephant with golden colour. It has only a single tusk (?) Bhadra the vehicle of Bali has six tusks.

Sūta said:: Airāvata the glorious elephant has the lustre of white clouds. He has four tusks (teeth) (Here the text is defective). Añjana is an elephant with golden colour. It has only a single tusk (?) Bhadra the vehicle of Bali has six tusks.

Sūta said:: Those elephants arc tawny-coloured with white hairs and nails. They have various other colours also.

Sūta said:: Kapila and Puṇḍarīka of good name and fame were born of Rathantara Supratīka and Pramardana became well-renowned after them both.

Sūta said:: Kapila and Puṇḍarīka of good name and fame were born of Rathantara Supratīka and Pramardana became well-renowned after them both.

Sūta said:: Puṣpadanta was the son of Bṛhatsāman(?) Ṣaḍdanta (having six tusks), Padmapucchavān and Tāmraparṇa were his sons. They move about in herds. They have tusks.

Sūta said:: Elephants with lips hanging down, beautiful to behold, are born in his race. Their skin, tongue and trunk are dark-coloured. Their faces (heads) are large and stout.

Sūta said:: Vāmadeva, Añjana, Śyāma and Vāmana were born of Sāman. His wife is Añjanā and Nīlavān and Lakṣaṇa are the sons.

Sūta said:: Elephants of the following type are born in his family. They are very enormously big and fierce. Their necks and heads are beautiful. They are broad-chested and swift. They are fettered from below (i.e. by means of feet).

Sūta said:: With the removal of his deformity Supratīka attained the same form as that of Sāman. He had three sons viz.—Praharī, Sampāti, and Pṛthu.

Sūta said:: Elephants of the following type are born in. his family. They are lofty. They have long palates and lips. Their hairs are well arranged. In sexual intercourse they arc extremely gentle.

Sūta said:: Elephants of the following type are born in. his family. They are lofty. They have long palates and lips. Their hairs are well arranged. In sexual intercourse they arc extremely gentle.

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Sūta said:: Some of them are very terrible and they walk about during twilight hours; some of them are very gentle and they walk about during the midnight, the terrible ones among them stalk at night.

Sūta said:: All of them meditate upon lord Bhava as the greatest God, in their minds. None of these has a wife or sons. All of them are celibate. They have sublimated their sexual instinct.

Sūta said:: There are hundred thousand Bhūtas with yogic powers in their souls. They are the attendants of Bhava.

Sūta said:: Kūṣmāṇḍas were born of Kapiśā again and again in the form of twins. They are Piśācas with tawny colour.

Sūta said:: On account of their tawny colour (we can infer) that all the Piśācas are flesh-eaters. These pairs (of Piśācas) have the Ṣoḍaśa (sixteen) variety as their first set. Their family exists (even today).

Sūta said:: I shall mention their names and the features of their family. (The following are the sixteen pairs, one male and the other female) Chagala and Chagalā; Vakra and Vakramukhī, Duṣpūra and Pūraṇā; Sūcī and Sūcīmukha; Vipāda and Vipādī; Jvālā and Aṅgāraka; Kumbhapātra and Kumbhī, Pratunda and Pratundikā, Upavīra and Vīrā; Ulūkhala and Ulūkhalī; Akarmaka and Karmakī; Kuṣaṇḍa and Kuṣaṇḍikā; Pāṇipātra Pāṇipātrī; Pāṃśu and Pāṃśumatī; Nitunda and Nitundī; Nipuṇa and Nipuṇī; Bālāda and Keṣaṇādī and Praskanda and Skandikā.

Sūta said:: I shall mention their names and the features of their family. (The following are the sixteen pairs, one male and the other female) Chagala and Chagalā; Vakra and Vakramukhī, Duṣpūra and Pūraṇā; Sūcī and Sūcīmukha; Vipāda and Vipādī; Jvālā and Aṅgāraka; Kumbhapātra and Kumbhī, Pratunda and Pratundikā, Upavīra and Vīrā; Ulūkhala and Ulūkhalī; Akarmaka and Karmakī; Kuṣaṇḍa and Kuṣaṇḍikā; Pāṇipātra Pāṇipātrī; Pāṃśu and Pāṃśumatī; Nitunda and Nitundī; Nipuṇa and Nipuṇī; Bālāda and Keṣaṇādī and Praskanda and Skandikā.

Sūta said:: I shall mention their names and the features of their family. (The following are the sixteen pairs, one male and the other female) Chagala and Chagalā; Vakra and Vakramukhī, Duṣpūra and Pūraṇā; Sūcī and Sūcīmukha; Vipāda and Vipādī; Jvālā and Aṅgāraka; Kumbhapātra and Kumbhī, Pratunda and Pratundikā, Upavīra and Vīrā; Ulūkhala and Ulūkhalī; Akarmaka and Karmakī; Kuṣaṇḍa and Kuṣaṇḍikā; Pāṇipātra Pāṇipātrī; Pāṃśu and Pāṃśumatī; Nitunda and Nitundī; Nipuṇa and Nipuṇī; Bālāda and Keṣaṇādī and Praskanda and Skandikā.

Sūta said:: I shall mention their names and the features of their family. (The following are the sixteen pairs, one male and the other female) Chagala and Chagalā; Vakra and Vakramukhī, Duṣpūra and Pūraṇā; Sūcī and Sūcīmukha; Vipāda and Vipādī; Jvālā and Aṅgāraka; Kumbhapātra and Kumbhī, Pratunda and Pratundikā, Upavīra and Vīrā; Ulūkhala and Ulūkhalī; Akarmaka and Karmakī; Kuṣaṇḍa and Kuṣaṇḍikā; Pāṇipātra Pāṇipātrī; Pāṃśu and Pāṃśumatī; Nitunda and Nitundī; Nipuṇa and Nipuṇī; Bālāda and Keṣaṇādī and Praskanda and Skandikā.

Sūta said:: I shall mention their names and the features of their family. (The following are the sixteen pairs, one male and the other female) Chagala and Chagalā; Vakra and Vakramukhī, Duṣpūra and Pūraṇā; Sūcī and Sūcīmukha; Vipāda and Vipādī; Jvālā and Aṅgāraka; Kumbhapātra and Kumbhī, Pratunda and Pratundikā, Upavīra and Vīrā; Ulūkhala and Ulūkhalī; Akarmaka and Karmakī; Kuṣaṇḍa and Kuṣaṇḍikā; Pāṇipātra Pāṇipātrī; Pāṃśu and Pāṃśumatī; Nitunda and Nitundī; Nipuṇa and Nipuṇī; Bālāda and Keṣaṇādī and Praskanda and Skandikā.

Sūta said:: The sixteen groups of the Piśācas are mentioned. The sixteen families are, viz:—Ajāmukhas, Vakramukhas, Pūraṇas, Skandins, Vipādas, Aṅgārikas, Kumbhapatras, Pratuṇḍakas, Upavīras, Ulukhalikas, Akarmakas, Kuṣaṇḍikas, Pāṃśus, Pāṇipātras, Naituṇḍas, Nipuṇas, Sūcimukhas and Uccheṣaṇadas. These are the sixteen families.

Sūta said:: The sixteen groups of the Piśācas are mentioned. The sixteen families are, viz:—Ajāmukhas, Vakramukhas, Pūraṇas, Skandins, Vipādas, Aṅgārikas, Kumbhapatras, Pratuṇḍakas, Upavīras, Ulukhalikas, Akarmakas, Kuṣaṇḍikas, Pāṃśus, Pāṇipātras, Naituṇḍas, Nipuṇas, Sūcimukhas and Uccheṣaṇadas. These are the sixteen families.

Sūta said:: The sixteen groups of the Piśācas are mentioned. The sixteen families are, viz:—Ajāmukhas, Vakramukhas, Pūraṇas, Skandins, Vipādas, Aṅgārikas, Kumbhapatras, Pratuṇḍakas, Upavīras, Ulukhalikas, Akarmakas, Kuṣaṇḍikas, Pāṃśus, Pāṇipātras, Naituṇḍas, Nipuṇas, Sūcimukhas and Uccheṣaṇadas. These are the sixteen families.

Sūta said:: Thus the members of the families of Kūṣmāṇḍas have been recounted. Those male Piśācas and the female Piśācas are born in the family.

Sūta said:: Infinite is their series of sons and grandsons. They are loathsome and hideous. Henceforth understand the characteristic features of those Piśācas.

Sūta said:: Those Piśācas called Ajāmukhas have hairs all over their body. Their eyes are round. They have curved fanglike teeth and clawlike nails. Their limbs are crooked and oblique. They diffuse harshness.

Sūta said:: The Piśācas called Kuṣaṇḍikas have no ear. They are devoid of hair and garments. They (sometimes) wear skins and hides as garments. They are fond of food that always consists of meat.

Sūta said:: It should be known that Piśācas called Vakras can assume any form they wish. They walk crookedly. All their limbs, hands and feet are bent and crooked. Their habits and opinions are fradulent.

Sūta said:: The Piśācas called Nituṇḍakas are portly and potbellied. They have snout-like noses. Their bodies, heads and arms are very short. Their staple diet is gingelly seeds. They relish blood.

Sūta said:: The Piśācas called Arkamarkas (or Akarmakas as in V. 379 above) have the forms of monkeys. They are garrulous. They move about leaping and galloping. They are fond of eating cooked rice and staying on trees.

Sūta said:: The Piśācas called Pāṃśus discharge dust from their limbs. They keep their arms lifted up. Their hairs stand up erect. Their eyes appear as though they have been taken out. They take to anything as their abode.

Sūta said:: The Piśācas called Upavīras have their permanent abode in burning grounds. They resemble bees. They are dry. They are armed with tridents and wear bark garments.

Sūta said:: The Piśācas called Ulūkhalas have motionless eyes and large tongues with which they constantly lick the sides of their mouth. Mortars constitute their ornaments. They are roguish. They scatter jewels as if in a continuous stream.

Sūta said:: The Piśācas called Pāṇipātras have the oblations offered by people as their food. They have stout heads like those of elephants and camels. Their calves are plump and curved.

Sūta said:: The Piśācas called Kumbhapātras eat invisible foodstuffs. They are subtle, hairy and tawny-coloured. They walk about sometimes visible and sometimes invisible.

Sūta said:: The Piśācas called Nipuṇas move about without associates (i.e. singly). Their mouths appear to be divided extending upto their ears. Their brows hang down and their noses are thick.

Sūta said:: The Piśācas called Pūraṇas are fond of vacant horses and apartments. They, are stout and short in stature. Their hands and feet cover up their snouts. Their eyes are directed towards the ground.

Sūta said:: The Piśācas called Bālādas frequently resort to the lying-in-chamber. Their hands and feet are directed backwards. They have the velocity of the wind and they run backwards.

Sūta said:: The Piśācas called Vipādakas drink blood during battles. They are naked. They don’t have any abode. Their penis, scrotum and the calves hang down dangling.

Sūta said:: The Piśācas called Skandins and others called Uccheṣaṇādins (those who habitually eat food remnants) are also to be known. Thus the sixteen varieties of Piśācas have been recounted.

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Sūta said:: The following are mentioned as the oblations and offerings to these during the junctions of Parvans (i.e. dawn, dusk etc.) of festival days (viz—honey, liquor, meat, cooked rice mixed with curd, powdered gingelly seeds, wines and other intoxicating beverages, incenses, cakes made of turmeric powder, food-stuff's made of gingelly seeds and cooked rice mixed with jaggery, black cloth and continuous (permanent) incense mixed with flowers.

Sūta said:: The following are mentioned as the oblations and offerings to these during the junctions of Parvans (i.e. dawn, dusk etc.) of festival days (viz—honey, liquor, meat, cooked rice mixed with curd, powdered gingelly seeds, wines and other intoxicating beverages, incenses, cakes made of turmeric powder, food-stuff's made of gingelly seeds and cooked rice mixed with jaggery, black cloth and continuous (permanent) incense mixed with flowers.

Sūta said:: After assigning all these to the Piśācas, Brahmā gave all the goblins and Piśācas an overlord viz—the trident-bearing Giriśa.

Sūta said:: The beautiful lady, Damṣṭrā gave birth to lions and tigers as her sons. Leppards and other carnivorus beasts of prey are also her sons.

Sūta said:: Understand completely the creation of progeny of Ṛṣā also. She had five daughters. Listen to their names from me.

Sūta said:: They should be known as follows:—Mīnā, Amīnā, Vṛttā, Parivṛttā and Anuvṛttā. Listen to their progeny.

Sūta said:: Crocodiles with thousand fangs, the species of fish known as Pāṭhīnas, Timis and Rohitas, these and others are mentioned as Maina group (i.e. children of Mīnā). They are very vast (in number).

Sūta said:: Grahas (Alligators) should be known classified into four groups viz—Madguras, Śaṅkus, Ugras and Śiśumāras. It was Amīnā who gave birth to these.

Sūta said:: Vṛttā gave birth to (different species of) tortoises and many other aquatic creatures and diverse kinds of conchs.

Sūta said:: Anuvṛttā gave birth to the various forms of frogs, of black does and Śambūkas (bivalve shells and noxious insects).

Sūta said:: Parivṛttā gave birth to various products of oyster shells, cowrie shells, conchs, geese, sparrows and varieties of leeches.

Sūta said:: Parivṛttā gave birth to various products of oyster shells, cowrie shells, conchs, geese, sparrows and varieties of leeches.

Sūta said:: They say that there is an extensive line of living beings procreated by Tiryā. They are the products of sweat (or warm vapour).

Sūta said:: O Brāhmaṇas, lice, nits etc are born of the bodies moistened by sweat. The creatures called Uśana are born of the dirt and residue of human sweat.

Sūta said:: There are many groups of ants of different species; there are worms with many feet; there are varieties of products of conchs and stones smaller than pins.

Sūta said:: These and others are the numerous groups of earthly (creatures) born of sweat. Many of these creatures are born of waters heated by the sun etc. as well as from rain.

Sūta said:: Many of them are born of the bodies of deer and other animals also. The flies and other slimy creatures are born of slimy marshy regions. The Tittiris (? Partridges) and Puttikas (white ants) are born of dirt. They are blue and variegated in colours. They are vast and extensive (in number). These creatures are born of waters as well as sweat.

Sūta said:: Many of them are born of the bodies of deer and other animals also. The flies and other slimy creatures are born of slimy marshy regions. The Tittiris (? Partridges) and Puttikas (white ants) are born of dirt. They are blue and variegated in colours. They are vast and extensive (in number). These creatures are born of waters as well as sweat.

Sūta said:: The creatures Naladas (? varieties of shrimps) of many feet are the worms born of the water stagnating near the roots of the Kāśa grass. They are stated to be of three kinds—Siṃhalas, Romalas (hairy) and Picchilas (Slimy).

Sūta said:: These and other groups and species are remembered as born of water as well as sweat. Similarly, worms are born from the pods of black gram and green gram and other pulses.

Sūta said:: Creatures are born of the fruits Bilva, Jambū (Rose apple), Āmra (mango), and Pūga (areca palm). They are born of green gram, jack tree and rice. They are born of grains placed in the hollows of trees and allowed to dry there. They are born of other things also but not always or even for a long time.

Sūta said:: Creatures are born of the fruits Bilva, Jambū (Rose apple), Āmra (mango), and Pūga (areca palm). They are born of green gram, jack tree and rice. They are born of grains placed in the hollows of trees and allowed to dry there. They are born of other things also but not always or even for a long time.

Sūta said:: Creatures are born of horses etc. and poisons etc. If cowdung is put (into pits etc) and left there for many days creatures are born of it.

Sūta said:: Worms are born, O Brāhmaṇas, wholly from timber and wooden logs. Scorpions are born of dry cowdung, produced by sweat.

Sūta said:: Creatures are born of cows, buffaloes and other animals. They are born of fishes too. Creatures of diverse kinds are born of heaped rice. Various species of creatures are born of the pack of quails etc. Similarly, leeches and other subtle species of creatures are born. Subtle Śūkas (poisonous insects) are born of pigeons and ospreys and other birds too. Other species of worms are born as the products of flies.

Sūta said:: Creatures are born of cows, buffaloes and other animals. They are born of fishes too. Creatures of diverse kinds are born of heaped rice. Various species of creatures are born of the pack of quails etc. Similarly, leeches and other subtle species of creatures are born. Subtle Śūkas (poisonous insects) are born of pigeons and ospreys and other birds too. Other species of worms are born as the products of flies.

Sūta said:: Creatures are born of cows, buffaloes and other animals. They are born of fishes too. Creatures of diverse kinds are born of heaped rice. Various species of creatures are born of the pack of quails etc. Similarly, leeches and other subtle species of creatures are born. Subtle Śūkas (poisonous insects) are born of pigeons and ospreys and other birds too. Other species of worms are born as the products of flies.

Sūta said:: Offsprings of mosquitoes and black bees generally live in stagnating water and slushy mud.

Sūta said:: Clusters of seven varieties of nits (? Puttikā-Putra saptakas) are born of cows. (Defective text). Vyālas (? serpents) are remembered as Maṇicchedas (?). Thus insects produced from foetus with no enveloping membrane have been recounted.

Sūta said:: Indeed, the offshoots of Śataveri (? sorrel) are born of dry cow-dung. Thus the numerous groups of Saṃsvedaja (i.e. born of sweat) have been succinctly mentioned by me. This is remembered as being born as a result of acts in the previous birth. As for the other beings born of Nairṛti they are remembered as upasargajas (born of paroxyson due to poison by devils).

Sūta said:: Indeed, the offshoots of Śataveri (? sorrel) are born of dry cow-dung. Thus the numerous groups of Saṃsvedaja (i.e. born of sweat) have been succinctly mentioned by me. This is remembered as being born as a result of acts in the previous birth. As for the other beings born of Nairṛti they are remembered as upasargajas (born of paroxyson due to poison by devils).

Sūta said:: Some Bhūtas (living beings) are born of the womb (sexual reproduction). Some are remembered as Autpattikas (?) It should be known that almost all the Devas arc usually Upapattijas. Some Devas are born of the womb. Some Devas are born of some cause.

Sūta said:: Some Bhūtas (living beings) are born of the womb (sexual reproduction). Some are remembered as Autpattikas (?) It should be known that almost all the Devas arc usually Upapattijas. Some Devas are born of the womb. Some Devas are born of some cause.

Sūta said:: The four ones Sṛmara and others should be known as their children.

Sūta said:: The four ones Sṛmara and others should be known as their children.

Sūta said:: Takṣaka is the king of Sarpas (variety of serpents). Vāsuki is the king of Nāgas (snakes).

Sūta said:: Takṣaka is the king of Sarpas (variety of serpents). Vāsuki is the king of Nāgas (snakes).

Sūta said:: Takṣaka is the king of Sarpas (variety of serpents). Vāsuki is the king of Nāgas (snakes).

Sūta said:: Takṣaka is the king of Sarpas (variety of serpents). Vāsuki is the king of Nāgas (snakes).

Sūta said:: Jaṭāyu’s sons are the herons, Vultures, Karṇikas (? variety of vultures).

Sūta said:: Jaṭāyu’s sons are the herons, Vultures, Karṇikas (? variety of vultures).

Sūta said:: Jaṭāyu’s sons are the herons, Vultures, Karṇikas (? variety of vultures).

Sūta said:: Jaṭāyu’s sons are the herons, Vultures, Karṇikas (? variety of vultures).

Sūta said:: Jaṭāyu’s sons are the herons, Vultures, Karṇikas (? variety of vultures).

Sūta said:: Jaṭāyu’s sons are the herons, Vultures, Karṇikas (? variety of vultures).

Sūta said:: Jaṭāyu’s sons are the herons, Vultures, Karṇikas (? variety of vultures).

Sūta said:: The following are remembered as the sons of Bhāsī Viz.—Bhāsas (vultures), owls, crows, cocks, peacocks doves, partridges, different types of birds of prey such as Vādhrīṇasa, Krauñca, Śyena, sparrows and cranes and also other birds that eat flesh.

Sūta said:: The following are remembered as the sons of Bhāsī Viz.—Bhāsas (vultures), owls, crows, cocks, peacocks doves, partridges, different types of birds of prey such as Vādhrīṇasa, Krauñca, Śyena, sparrows and cranes and also other birds that eat flesh.

Sūta said:: Dhṛtarāṣṭrī, the beautiful lady, gave birth to swans of various types, the ruddy geese and all types of aquatic birds.

Sūta said:: Dhṛtarāṣṭrī, the beautiful lady, gave birth to swans of various types, the ruddy geese and all types of aquatic birds.

Sūta said:: Dhṛtarāṣṭrī, the beautiful lady, gave birth to swans of various types, the ruddy geese and all types of aquatic birds.

Sūta said:: Dhṛtarāṣṭrī, the beautiful lady, gave birth to swans of various types, the ruddy geese and all types of aquatic birds.

Sūta said:: Latā gave birth to plants that bore fruits through flowers. Alatā gave birth to big trees that bear fruits by means of blossoms.

Sūta said:: Latā gave birth to plants that bore fruits through flowers. Alatā gave birth to big trees that bear fruits by means of blossoms.

Sūta said:: These scions of the family of Kaśyapa consisting of the mobile and immobile beings, have been explained. The whole universe is stretched (i.e. thickly covered) with their sons and grandsons.

Translation not available.

Translation not available.

Translation not available.

Sūta said:: Ariṣṭā habitually indulged in singing. Khaśā habitually followed cruel pursuits. Kadrū was habitually fiery in temper (and indulged in angry outbursts). Krodhā habitually-engaged herself in cleanliness.

Sūta said:: Vinatā was habituated to moving about on vehicles. Tāmrā habitually indulged in slaughter. Irā was obliging in nature (and indulged in activities of blessing). Anāyu was engaged in eating.

Sūta said:: These were the habits of all those Lokamātṛs (mothers of the worlds). The sons of lord Kaśyapa were more or less like their respective mothers since their birth. In virtue, habit, intellect forbearance, beauty of form, and strength, they closely resembled their mothers. They were righteous or otherwise (on the same basis). They had Rajas, Sattva and Tamas qualities predominant in them (as mothers).

Sūta said:: These were the habits of all those Lokamātṛs (mothers of the worlds). The sons of lord Kaśyapa were more or less like their respective mothers since their birth. In virtue, habit, intellect forbearance, beauty of form, and strength, they closely resembled their mothers. They were righteous or otherwise (on the same basis). They had Rajas, Sattva and Tamas qualities predominant in them (as mothers).

Sūta said:: They were Devas, Asuras, Gandharvas, Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, serpents, Piśācas, animals, deer birds and creepers.

Sūta said:: Since the Devas and others were born of the daughters of Dakṣa who were human beings, they know that Devas and others have their source of origin in human beings.

Sūta said:: Since the Devas and others were born of the daughters of Dakṣa who were human beings, they know that Devas and others have their source of origin in human beings.

Sūta said:: Men are those who aspire for virtue, wealth, love and salvation, Therefrom are born Suras and Asuras who are the category Arvāksrotas (in whom current of nutriment flows downward). They are born among human beings again and again for the achievement of specific objects. Thus the origin of the different races has been enumerated in detail.

Sūta said:: Men are those who aspire for virtue, wealth, love and salvation, Therefrom are born Suras and Asuras who are the category Arvāksrotas (in whom current of nutriment flows downward). They are born among human beings again and again for the achievement of specific objects. Thus the origin of the different races has been enumerated in detail.

Sūta said:: The (story) of Suras, Asuras, Gandharvas, Apsaras, Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, Piśācas, Garuḍa, serpents, birds, tigers, peacocks, herbs, worms, insects, locusts, minute creatures aquatic beings, animals, and glorious Brāhmaṇas, is characterised by merit. It causes prosperity. It contributes to welfare and happiness. It must be heard always and comprehended by persons devoid of malice and jealousy.

Sūta said:: The (story) of Suras, Asuras, Gandharvas, Apsaras, Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, Piśācas, Garuḍa, serpents, birds, tigers, peacocks, herbs, worms, insects, locusts, minute creatures aquatic beings, animals, and glorious Brāhmaṇas, is characterised by merit. It causes prosperity. It contributes to welfare and happiness. It must be heard always and comprehended by persons devoid of malice and jealousy.

Sūta said:: The (story) of Suras, Asuras, Gandharvas, Apsaras, Yakṣas, Rākṣasas, Piśācas, Garuḍa, serpents, birds, tigers, peacocks, herbs, worms, insects, locusts, minute creatures aquatic beings, animals, and glorious Brāhmaṇas, is characterised by merit. It causes prosperity. It contributes to welfare and happiness. It must be heard always and comprehended by persons devoid of malice and jealousy.

Sūta said:: He who regularly reads about the race of the noble souls in the honoured assembly of Brāhmaṇas attains good progeny, plenty of wealth and splendid goal after death.”