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Sanatan Dharma

सनातन धर्म — Hindu Scripture Knowledge Base

Level 0

Devanagari Script

Learn the script used to write Sanskrit

  • Devanagari is the script used to write Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, and many other Indian languages.
  • The name means 'script of the city of gods' (Deva = god, Nagari = city).
  • It is written left to right with a horizontal line (Shiroreka) on top joining the letters.
  • Each character represents a syllable, not just a consonant or vowel alone.
  • Sanskrit has 16 vowels (Swara) and 36 consonants (Vyanjana).
  • Consonants carry an inherent 'a' sound unless a vowel sign (Matra) is attached.
  • Mastering Devanagari is the first step to reading Sanskrit scriptures directly.

Vowels (Swara) — 14

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Consonants (Vyanjana)

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Gutturals (Kanthya)Produced at the throat
Palatals (Talavya)Produced at the palate
Cerebrals (Murdhanya)Tongue tip to roof
Dentals (Dantya)Tongue tip to teeth
Labials (Oshthya)Produced at the lips
Semivowels (Antastha)Between vowels and consonants
Sibilants & Aspirate (Ushma)Fricatives