The Brahmana said: How is it that the (vital) fire in combination with the earthly elements (matter) becomes the corporeal (living creatures)? And how does the (vital) air (the breath) according to the nature of its seat excites to action (the corporeal living creatures)?

Markandeya said : O Yudhishthira, this question being put to the fowler by the Brahmana, the fowler thus replied to that high-souled Brahmana.

The Fowler said: The vital spirit manifesting itself it seat the consciousness causes the action of the corporeal frame. The soul being present in both of these acts.

The past, the present and the future are inseparably associated with the soul. It is the highest of the possessions of all creatures. It is the essence of Supreme Spirit and we adore it.

It is the animating principle of all creatures, it is the eternal Purusha. It is great, it is the intelligence and it is the Ego, it is the seat of all elements.

Thus while seated here (in the corporeal form), it is sustained in all its external or internal relations by the subtle eternal air called Prana and afterwards each creature goes its own way by the action of another subtle air called Samana.

This (Samana) transforming itself to Apana air and supported by the head of the stomach carries the refuge matter of the body, such as urine to the kidneys and intestines.

It is present in the three elements of actions, exertion and power and then in that state is called Udana by men learned in the physical science.

When it manifests itself by its presence at all the junction points of the system, it is known by the name of Vyana.

The internal heat is diffused over all the tissues of our system and supported by these kinds of air, it transforms our food and the tissues and the humours of our system.

By the coalition of Prana and other airs, a reaction ensues and the heat generated thereby is known as the internal heat of the human system which causes digestion of food.

The Prana and the Apana airs are interposed within the Samana and the Udana airs. The heat generated by their coalition causes the growth of the body.

That portion of its seat extending to as far as the rectum, is called Apana and from that, arteries arise in the five airs Prana. Prana acted on by the heat, strikes against the extremity of Apana region and then recoiling, it reacts on the heat. Above the navel is the region of undigest food and below it, the region of digestion. Prana and all other airs of the system are seated in the navel.

The arteries issuing from the heart run upwards and downwards and also in oblique directions, they carry the best essence of our food and are acted upon by the ten Prana airs.

This is the way, by which go to the highest state, the Yogis who have overcome all difficulties who are patient and self-controlled and who have their souls seated in their brains. The Prana and Apana are thus present in all creatures.

Know that the soul is embodied in the corporeal disguise, in the eleven alloteopus conditions (of the animal system) and that though eternal, its normal state is apparently modified by its accompaniments even like the fire purified in its pan, eternal yet with its course altered by its surroundings; and that the divine thing which is kindred with the body is related to the latter in the same way as a drop of water to sleek surface of a lotus leaf on which it rolls; know that Sattva Raja and Tama are the attributes of all life. Life is the attribute of spirit and spirit again is the attribute of the Supreme Soul.

Inert and insensible matter is the seat of the living principle which is active in itself and induces activity in others. That by which the seven worlds are incited to action is called the most high by men of high spiritual insight.

Thus in all these elements the eternal spirit does not show itself, but is perceived by the learned in spiritual science by reason of their high and keen perception.

A pure-minded man, by purifying his heart, is able to destroy the good and evil effects of his actions and obtains eternal bliss by the enlightenment of his inner spirit.

This state of peace and purification of heart is likened to the state of a person who, in a cheerful state of mind, sleeps soundly or to the brilliance of a lamp trimmed by a skillful hand.

Such a pure-minded man living on frugal diet perceives the supreme spirit reflected in his own mind and by practising concentration of mind in the evening and early in the morning sees the Supreme Spirit which has no attributes, in the light of his heart, shining like a dazzling lamp and thus he obtains salvation.

Avarice and anger must be subdued by all means, for this constitutes the most sacred virtue that people can practice. It is considered to be the means by which men cross over to the other side of this sea of misery and pair.

A man must preserve his virtue, being overcome by anger, his righteousness by pride, his learning by vanity and his soul by illusion.

Leniency is the best of virtues and forbearance is the best of the powers; the knowledge of the spirit is the best of all knowledge and truthfulness is the best of religious vows.

To tell the truth is good and the knowledge of truth also is good, but what conduces to the greatest good of all creatures is known as the highest truth.

He whose actions are performed not with the object of securing any reward or blessing, who has sacrificed all to the requirements of his renunciation is a real Sanyasi and is really wise.

Communion with Brahma cannot be taught to us even by our spiritual preceptor; he can only give us a clue to the mystery; renunciation of things of the material world is called Yoga.

We must not do harm to any creature and must live in amity with all. In this our present existence we must not avenge ourselves on any creature.

Self-abnegation, peace of mind, renunciation of hope and equanimity, these are the ways by which spiritual enlightenment can always be secured. The knowledge of self is the best of all knowledge.

It this world as well as in the next, renouncing all worldly desires and assuming a stolid indifference, in which all suffering is at rest, people should fulfill their religious duties with the aid of their intelligence.

The Rishi who desires to obtain salvation which is very difficult to obtain, must always perform austerities, must be forbearing, selfcontrolled and must give up that longing fondness which binds him to the things of the earth.

The attributes that are perceptible in us become non-attributes in Him. He is not bound by anything. He is perceptible only by the expansion and development of our spiritual vision. As soon as the illusion of ignorance is dispelled, this supreme and unalloyed bliss is obtained. By foregoing the objects of both pleasure and pain and by renouncing the feeling which binds him to the things of the earth, one attains to Brahma.

O excellent Brahmana, I have told you in brief all that I have heard. What else do you desire to hear.