When it is the New Moon day, the Sraddha called Piriddnvaharyaka^ should be devotedly performed by excellent Brahmanas. This bestows worldly pleasures and salvation (as its fruit).

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They were Sarhjna, Rajni, Prabha, and Ghaya. Now know (the names of) sons. Sarhjna, the daughter of Tvastr, bore to the Sun-god the excellent Manu.

Piri ddnvdhdryaka : Anvdhdrya or Pir^ddnvdhdryaka ( = that which is performed after Pinda- offerings) Medhatithi. 448 Kurma Purdna

All other tithis in the dark half of the month beginn¬ ing from the first, except the fourteenth day, are excellent but the later Tithi is more commendable than the former.

She gave birth to Yama and Yamuna also. Rajni gave birth to Revanta,® Prabha bore to Aditya, the “dawn” and Ghaya gave birth to sons Savarni, Sani (Saturn), Tapati and Visti in the same order. The first Manu had nine sons equal to himself.

She gave birth to Yama and Yamuna also. Rajni gave birth to Revanta,® Prabha bore to Aditya, the “dawn” and Ghaya gave birth to sons Savarni, Sani (Saturn), Tapati and Visti in the same order. The first Manu had nine sons equal to himself.

The three new-moon days and the eighth day in the dark half of the three months beginning with Pausa are good days. The three Astakas are holy as well as the fifteenth day (the new moon day) in the month of Magha.

Particularly in the rainy season, the TrayodasI (thir¬ teenth day) united with the Magha constellation is good when the corn is ripe. These are prescribed as suitable for obligatory {Nitya) Sraddha.

They were: Iksvaku, Nabhaga,* Dhrsta, Saryati, Narisyanta, Nabhaga, Arista, Karusa and Prsadhra of great splendour. All these nine were glorious like Indra. Ila the eldest and the most excellent made the race of the moon flourish. 7-8a. After going to the abode of Budha (Mercury), she had the union with the son of the moon. The gentle lady bore to the son of the moon, the excellent (son) Pururavas who—as this has been heard by us—was the propitiator of the Pitrs.

They were: Iksvaku, Nabhaga,* Dhrsta, Saryati, Narisyanta, Nabhaga, Arista, Karusa and Prsadhra of great splendour. All these nine were glorious like Indra. Ila the eldest and the most excellent made the race of the moon flourish. 7-8a. After going to the abode of Budha (Mercury), she had the union with the son of the moon. The gentle lady bore to the son of the moon, the excellent (son) Pururavas who—as this has been heard by us—was the propitiator of the Pitrs.

During the eclipse of the moon and the sun, the Naimiitika (occasional) ^raddha must be performed extensively among relatives. Otherwise, one is likely to be consigned to hell.

The Kdmya (urged by a desire for benefit) Sraddhas are recommended during eclipse etc. and during the Vernal and equinotical transit of the sun and during Vyatipata the last giving infinite merit.

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The Sraddha at the time of Sariikranti (tropical transit of the sun) as well as on birthdays is of everlasting benefit. It is so particularly in all the Naksatras (constella¬ tions) and must be performed at the proper time.^ Itwas to be performed after Pitr~ya}ha by an Agni-hotrin on the Amavasya day(ManuIII. 122-123). This funeral sacrifice is not now in vogue among^ the Agnihotris in the Deccan.

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By performing the Sraddha in the constellation Krttika the excellent Brahmana attains heaven; by performing it in RohinI, he obtains progeny; by performing it in Mrgasiras constellation, he obtains Brahminical splendour.

By performing the Sraddha in the Ardra constel¬ lation, one attains the benefits of the holy rites pertaining to Rudra as well as heroism; by performing it in the Punarvasu star, he attains lands, and by performing it in Pusya he obtains glory and prosperity.

All these were of un-paralleled glory. They sought refuge in the lotus-born deity. From Iksvaku was born the heroic king named Vikuksi.

By performing the Sraddha in the Aslesa constella¬ tion, one attains all desires; in the constellation pertaining to the Pitrs (i.e. Magha), one attains good fortune. In the conste¬ llation to Aryaman (Uttara PhalgunI) one attains wealth; in the (Purva) PhalgunI star, the sins are quelled; if the Sraddha is performed in Hasta, one attains excellence among Kinsmen; by performing Sraddha in the Citra constellation, one attains many sons. \i Sraddha is performed in Svati conste¬ llation one attains the greatest achievement in trading trans¬ actions; by performing Sraddha in the Visakha star one obtains gold.

He was his eldest son. He had fifteen sons. The eldest of them was Kakutstha. Kakutstha’s son was Suyodhana.

The glorious Prthu was born of Suyodhana. Visvaka was Prthu’s son. From Visvaka was born the intelligent Ardraka, Yuvanasva was his son.

By performing the Sraddha in the Aslesa constella¬ tion, one attains all desires; in the constellation pertaining to the Pitrs (i.e. Magha), one attains good fortune. In the conste¬ llation to Aryaman (Uttara PhalgunI) one attains wealth; in the (Purva) PhalgunI star, the sins are quelled; if the Sraddha is performed in Hasta, one attains excellence among Kinsmen; by performing Sraddha in the Citra constellation, one attains many sons. \i Sraddha is performed in Svati conste¬ llation one attains the greatest achievement in trading trans¬ actions; by performing Sraddha in the Visakha star one obtains gold.

By performing Sraddha in the constellation Anuradha, one attains many friends; in the constellation Jyestha, one attains kingdom; by performing Sraddha in Mula, one attains (flourishing) cultivation; by performing Sraddha inPurvasadha, one attains perfect knowledge and achievement.

The valorous king Yuvanasva was desirous of (begetting) a son. He went to Gokarna^ and there he saw the Brahmana sage Gautama, resplendent like fire, performing a penance. He prostrated himself at his feet to bow and asked him by what holy rite he could obtain a righteous son. Gautama said :

The valorous king Yuvanasva was desirous of (begetting) a son. He went to Gokarna^ and there he saw the Brahmana sage Gautama, resplendent like fire, performing a penance. He prostrated himself at his feet to bow and asked him by what holy rite he could obtain a righteous son. Gautama said :

By performing Sraddha, in Vaisvadeva (Uttarasadha) constellation one attains all desires; in the Sravana constellation, one attains excellence; by performing Sraddha in Dhanistha one attains all desires; and in Satabhisak star, one attains the greatest strength.

By performing Sraddha in the Purvabhadrapada constellation, one shall obtain the base metals; in the conste¬ llation of Uttara Bhadrapada, one attains excellent house; by performing Sraddha in the Revatl constellation, one attains many cows; and in the constellation Asvini one attains horses. If one offers Sraddha in the Bharanl constellation, one’s life becomes perfect.

“After propitiating the primordial person Narayana, free from ailments, the Lord without beginning or destruction, one shall obtain a righteous son.

By propitiating the ruler of the Universe, the pri¬ mordial Kr?na whose son is Brahma himself and whose grandson is Nilalohita (i.e. Siva), one begets a good son.

By performing Sraddha on Sunday, one attains health; on Monday, good fortune; on Tuesday, success every- 450 Kurma Pur ana where and by performing ^raddha on Wednesday, one attains all desires; by performing Sraddha on Friday, one attains wealth and by performing Sraddha on Saturday, one attains longevity.'^ By performing Sraddha on the Pratipat^ (i.e. first day in the lunar fortnight), one attains auspicious sons. On the second day, one begets daughters; and on the third day, one gets animals, on the fourth day, he attains small animals or things and by performing Sraddha on the fifth day, one attains splendid sons.

By performing Sraddha on Sunday, one attains health; on Monday, good fortune; on Tuesday, success every- 450 Kurma Pur ana where and by performing ^raddha on Wednesday, one attains all desires; by performing Sraddha on Friday, one attains wealth and by performing Sraddha on Saturday, one attains longevity.'^ By performing Sraddha on the Pratipat^ (i.e. first day in the lunar fortnight), one attains auspicious sons. On the second day, one begets daughters; and on the third day, one gets animals, on the fourth day, he attains small animals or things and by performing Sraddha on the fifth day, one attains splendid sons.

By propitiating Hrsikesa, whose power and influence even Lord Brahma does not comprehend factually, one shall have a righteous son.”

On hearing the words ofGautama, King Yuvanasva propitiated Hrsikesa, the eternal Vasudeva. His son was a great hero and was famous by the name of Savasti. It was by him *The reading Pumstva is more acceptable, as Ila after recovering her original manhood as Sudyumna procreated then three sons. If that v.l. is adopted the verse means, ‘After attaining defectless manhood, it is well- known that Ila obtained three sons.’

By performing Sraddha on Sunday, one attains health; on Monday, good fortune; on Tuesday, success every- 450 Kurma Pur ana where and by performing ^raddha on Wednesday, one attains all desires; by performing Sraddha on Friday, one attains wealth and by performing Sraddha on Saturday, one attains longevity.'^ By performing Sraddha on the Pratipat^ (i.e. first day in the lunar fortnight), one attains auspicious sons. On the second day, one begets daughters; and on the third day, one gets animals, on the fourth day, he attains small animals or things and by performing Sraddha on the fifth day, one attains splendid sons.

On hearing the words ofGautama, King Yuvanasva propitiated Hrsikesa, the eternal Vasudeva. His son was a great hero and was famous by the name of Savasti. It was by him *The reading Pumstva is more acceptable, as Ila after recovering her original manhood as Sudyumna procreated then three sons. If that v.l. is adopted the verse means, ‘After attaining defectless manhood, it is well- known that Ila obtained three sons.’

A person performing Sraddha on the sixth day, attains lustre as well as good cultivation; the man who gives Sraddha on the seventh day, attains wealth; \\fwh.o oilers Sraddha on the eighth day, obtains good trading transactions.

From him was born Brhadasva and from him was born Kuvalayasva. He became known as Dhundhumara by killing the great Asura Dhundhu.

He who performs Sraddha on the ninth day, obtains single-hoofed animals; he who performs Sraddha on the tenth day, obtains double-hoofed animals in plenty. One who per¬ forms Sraddha on the eleventh day, obtains silver and sons of Brahmanical splendour.

One who performs Sraddha on the twelfth day, obtains gold, silver and base metals. One who performs Sraddha on the thirteenth day, obtains excellent kinsmen and one who performs Sraddha on the fourteenth day, obtains ignoble progeny. One who performs Sraddha on the fifteenth day (i.e. on the new moon day), always obtains all desires.

O excellent Brahmanas, it is said that Dhundhu¬ mara had three sons. They were Drdhasva, Dandasva and Kapilasva.

Hence Sraddha should not be performed by the twice- borns on the fourteenth day. The Sraddha pertaining to those killed by means of weapons should be assigned to that day.

Pramoda was the son of Drdhasva, his son was Haryasva, Nikumbha was the son of Haryasva and from Nikumbha was born Sarhhatasva.

There is no restriction as to the time, if Brahmanas and the materials are available. Hence, the twice-borns should perform Sraddha for the purpose of worldly enjoyment as well as salvation.

Krtasva and Ranasva were the sons of Sarhhitasva; Yuvanasva whose strength in battle was equal to that of Indra was the son of Ranasva.

The Sraddha should be performed at the beginning of all noble enterprises. It should again be performed on the achievement of prosperity, or when a son is born and in similar instances. The Pdrvana Sraddha is to be performed in Parvans (particular holy days).

By performing the (sacrifice) of Varuna and through the grace of the sages, he obtained an excellent son who had no equals and who was a devotee of Visnu.

(that son was) Mandhatr of very great intellect, who was the most excellent of all those who wield weapons. From Mandhatr were bom Purukutsa and the valorous Amba- risa and the meritorious-souled Mucukunda. All of them were equal to god Indra on the battle-field. Ambarisa’s successor was another Yuvanasva.

Sraddha that is to be performed every day is the J^itya Sraddha] that which is performed for achieving a desirable object is occasional {Maimittika). There is Ekoddista-^raddha (intended for one forebear) and others Bahuddista (?) (v.l. Vrddhi-sraddha) Sraddha and Pdrvana-Sraddha. These five kinds of Srdddha are glorified by Manu. In the course of journey, the sixth kind is prescribed and it should be performed assiduously (or regularly).

(that son was) Mandhatr of very great intellect, who was the most excellent of all those who wield weapons. From Mandhatr were bom Purukutsa and the valorous Amba- risa and the meritorious-souled Mucukunda. All of them were equal to god Indra on the battle-field. Ambarisa’s successor was another Yuvanasva.

Sraddha that is to be performed every day is the J^itya Sraddha] that which is performed for achieving a desirable object is occasional {Maimittika). There is Ekoddista-^raddha (intended for one forebear) and others Bahuddista (?) (v.l. Vrddhi-sraddha) Sraddha and Pdrvana-Sraddha. These five kinds of Srdddha are glorified by Manu. In the course of journey, the sixth kind is prescribed and it should be performed assiduously (or regularly).

A seventh Srdddha has been enunciated by Brahma for the achievement of purity. The eighth Srdddha is Daivika (divine) by the performance of which, one is liberated from fear.

Harita was the son of Yuvanasva and Harita was his son. Purukutsa’s successor was Trasadasyu of great fame.

Sambhuti, bom of Narmada, is known as his son. His son was Visnuvrddha and his son was Anaranya. Brhadasva was the son of Anaranya and Haryasva was his son.

A Srdddha is not to be performed either in the evening or at night except at the time of eclipse. The merit of performing Srdddha at particular (holy) place is infinite.^

He was an extremely righteous king. By the grace of Kardama, the Prajapati, he begota virtuous son devoted to theSun.

The Srdddha on the Ganga, at Prayaga and at Amarakantaka is of everlasting benefit. The Pitrs sing the religious verse and the learned men dance.

That son, king Vasumanas, worshipped the sun-god and obtained the blessed son Tridhanvan who was without an equal and who had suppressed his enemies.

“Many sons of good conduct endowed with attributes should be sought by one. Perhaps (at least) one among all those may go to Gaya.

After reaching Gaya if one performs Srdddha incidentally, the Pitps are redeemed by him. He attains the greatest goal”.

O excellent Brahmanas, after conquering his enemies, he performed a horse-sacrifice. The king practised self-study of the Vedas, was liberal-minded and desirous of crossing the ocean of worldly existence (v.l. forbearing) and devoted to piety.

The sages, the chief of whom were Vasistha and Kasyapa, and devas headed by Indra came to the sacrificial hall of the noble-souled king.

In the following holy centres, the Pitrs are per¬ petually delighted, viz.:—Varaha mountain, Gaya in particular, in Varanasi where lord Kara himself is present, at the source

After duly concluding the Taj ha, the great king endowed with humility bowed down to Vasistha and other excellent Brahmanas and asked them: Vasumanas said :

In the following holy centres, the Pitrs are per¬ petually delighted, viz.:—Varaha mountain, Gaya in particular, in Varanasi where lord Kara himself is present, at the source

O leading Brahmanas, which is more conducive to welfare in this world ? Is it sacrifice, penance or renunciation^ Be pleased to tell me, O knowers of everything. Vasistha said :

In the following holy centres, the Pitrs are per¬ petually delighted, viz.:—Varaha mountain, Gaya in particular, in Varanasi where lord Kara himself is present, at the source

In the following holy centres, the Pitrs are per¬ petually delighted, viz.:—Varaha mountain, Gaya in particular, in Varanasi where lord Kara himself is present, at the source

After studying the Vedas duly, after begetting and assiduously bringing them up, one should perform the worship ofYajnesvara (the Lord of sacrifices) by performing and realising the Atman should repair to the forest. Pulastya said :

In the following holy centres, the Pitrs are per¬ petually delighted, viz.:—Varaha mountain, Gaya in particular, in Varanasi where lord Kara himself is present, at the source

Having at first performed sacrifices for excellent gods according to proper procedure (& formalities) and having propitiated the Supreme Lord, the Yogin, one should take to renunciation.2 Pulaha said :

By means of penance, one shall propitiate that thousand-rayed deity whom they call the sole ancient Person and the Supreme Lord, and shall obtain liberation.

One propitiates the Pitrs for a month, if the Sraddha is offered with grains, barleys, pulses, water, fruits and roots, Syamaka grains, Kasas, Nivaras, Priyahgus, wheat, gingelly seeds and green gram.i

At the time of the Sraddha, one should offer the juice of mango, sugarcane, bunches of grapes and pomegranates. He shall also give Vidalvas and Kurandas* (different kinds of grass).

The Lord who is unborn, the maker of the Universe, the eternal seed of the Universe, and the immanent soul of all living beings, is worshipped by means of penance. Visvdmitra said :

He should give fried grains with honey, powdered 2 )ed grains with sugar, assiduously at the time of the Sraddha. He should give water caltrops and water chestunt {Srfigataka kaserukas (?) ).

That Rudra, who is the Fire-god, the soul of all, who is infinite, who is self-born, and who has faces all round is wor¬ shipped by means of severe penance and not through other sacrifices. Bharadvdja said :

That eternal Vasudeva, the lord who is worshipped by means of Tajnas and whose form is constituted of all deities, is the Supreme Lord; he should be worshipped. Atri said :

Manes are satisfied with the meat of fish for two months; with Venison for three months; with the meat of the ram for four months; with the meat of birds for five months; with the meat of goats for six months and with the meat of the spotted antelope for seven months.

That great Supreme Ruler from whom all this Universe is born and whose offspring is god Brahma (the progenitor of the world) is worshipped only by taking recourse to austere penance. Gautama said :

The Pitrs are propitiated for eight months, if Sraddha is offered with the meat ofp^m (deer) and for nine months with the meat of Ruru deer. With the meat of the boar and the buffalo they are propitiated for ten months.

That eternal Lord of gods, the lord from whom Pradhana and Purusa originate, and whose energy is this universe, should be worshipped through penance. KaSyapa said :

With the flesh of rabbit and tortoise, he should propitiate them for eleven months. With the cow’s milk and I. VV. 37-39 show that Pitrs are satisfied for a month by articles of vegetarian food and fruit but vv. 40-45 state the periods of time for which Pitrs are gratified when the flesh of certain animals is served to Brahmanas at the time of Sraddha. We have similar list of this type in Manu III. 267- 272, Yaj. 258-260, Vayu P. 83. 3-9, Mt. P. 17. 31-35, Bm. P. 220. 23-29 though there is some divergence in some details. Refusal to eat flesh would punish the refuser by birth as a beast in the next birth, stay in the hell for as many years as the killed animal had hair on its body {supra 1. 18-40)—A relic of an old non-vegetarian age. *v.l. viddrinca bharandam (?)

The Kalasaka, (?) the Mahasalka (sea-crab), the meat of rhinoceros and the red goat and the honey, —the food-stuffs of the sages are capable of being beneficent endlessly.

The lord of thousand eye, Sambhu, the cosmic witness, Prajapati the creator of Prajas, the great Yogin, be¬ comes delighted when worshipped by means of penance. Kratu said :

Whether by buying or securing oneself or bringing the dead body (of the animal), the Brahmana should assi¬ duously offer it in the Sraddha. It is called everlasting for him.

To a person who has concluded Vedic study and per¬ formed Tajnas, and has begotten sons, no other holy duty, excepting the performance of penance, is advised in the- scriptures.”

On hearing these statements that saintly king be¬ came highly delighted in his mind. He bowed to and worshipped them. After bidding farewell to them, he spoke to Tridhanvan.

The following articles are used in the Sraddha, viz. :—(long pepper) Pippali, Rucaka, Musuraka (lentil), Kusmanda (pumpkin) Alabu (gourd), Vartaka, Bhutrna (a fragrant grass), the juicy root of Kusumbha Pinda and Tandullyaka. At the time of the Sraddha, an excellent Brahmana should avoid seven articles assiduously, viz. :— Rajamasa pulse, buffalo’s milk, goat’s milk, Adhakis, Kovidaras, Palakis and Maricas (chillis).

The following articles are used in the Sraddha, viz. :—(long pepper) Pippali, Rucaka, Musuraka (lentil), Kusmanda (pumpkin) Alabu (gourd), Vartaka, Bhutrna (a fragrant grass), the juicy root of Kusumbha Pinda and Tandullyaka. At the time of the Sraddha, an excellent Brahmana should avoid seven articles assiduously, viz. :— Rajamasa pulse, buffalo’s milk, goat’s milk, Adhakis, Kovidaras, Palakis and Maricas (chillis).

“By means of penance I shall propitiate the Lord designated with the single syllable OM, the great Purusa, the vital spirit stationed in the middle of Aditya.

But you should be devoted to Dharma forever. Eternally vigilant, protect the entire earthly realm consisting of the four castes of people.”

The following articles are used in the Sraddha, viz. :—(long pepper) Pippali, Rucaka, Musuraka (lentil), Kusmanda (pumpkin) Alabu (gourd), Vartaka, Bhutrna (a fragrant grass), the juicy root of Kusumbha Pinda and Tandullyaka. At the time of the Sraddha, an excellent Brahmana should avoid seven articles assiduously, viz. :— Rajamasa pulse, buffalo’s milk, goat’s milk, Adhakis, Kovidaras, Palakis and Maricas (chillis).

Translation not available.

After saying so, the sinless king entrusted the king¬ dom to the care of his son. In order to perform the excellent penance, he went to the forest.

Resorting to the forest of Devadaru {Pinus Devadaru) trees on the beautiful peaks of the Himalaya, he worshipped gods with bulbous and other roots and fmits grown in the forest and subsisted on them.

Shaking off his sins by means of penance, he mentally repeated the Mantra of goddess Savitri, the mother of the Vedas, for a hundred years and more.

While he was performing penance like this, the self- born lord, the great Isvara, Hiranyagarbha, the Atman of the Universe came to that spot himself

On seeing Lord Brahma with faces all round, coming there, the king bowed down his head at his feet and glorified his name.

“Obeisance to you O Brahman, the supreme God, the Supreme Soul, the gold-complexioned creator with a thousand eyes.

Salutations to the creator and the dispenser of destiny. Hail to you the embodiment of all gods. Obeisance to you, the embodiment of spiritual knowledge, comprehensible through the knowledge and practice of Sarhkhya and Yoga.

Obeisance to you, the Trinity, the Creator, the Omniscient One. Hail to the ancient Purusa, the preceptor of the Yogins.”

Then, lord Brahma, the creator of the Universe, be¬ came delighted and said,—“Welfare unto you. Choose the boon. I am the granter of boons.” The King said :

“O lord of the lords of Devas, I wish to perform the Japa of Gayatri, the mother of the Vedas, once again. May 184 K urma Pur ana I have the longevity for the period of a hundred years and more.”

Glancing at the king, the Atman of the Universe (i.e. Brahma) said—“So be it”. Stroking him gently with his hands, the delighted Lord vanished there itself.

The glorious king on securing the boon was much delighted, and he repeated the Japa. He was tranquil. He used to take his holy ablution thrice a day and he subsisted on fruits, roots and bulbous roots.

When hundred years were completed, the lord of fierce-rays (the Sun-god), the great Yogin, appeared in front of him from the middle of the Solar sphere.

On seeing the eternal Lord stationed in the solar sphere, the self-born lord Brahma, the embodiment of the Vedas, he was surprised.