Ayodhya Kanda Sarga 18
अयोध्याकाण्डम् सर्गः 18
Sarga 18 of the Ayodhya Kanda.
Shlokas (41)
+ Add ShlokaAyodhya Kanda 18.1
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 1
स ददर्शासने रामो निषण्णं पितरं शुभे। कैकेयीसहितं दीनं मुखेन परिशुष्यता।।
sa dadarśāsanē rāmō niṣaṇṇaṅ pitaraṅ śubhē. kaikēyīsahitaṅ dīnaṅ mukhēna pariśuṣyatā৷৷
Rama beheld his father reclined on an auspicious couch and by his side was seated Kaikeyi. He looked wretched with a pale face.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.2
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 2
स पितुश्चरणौ पूर्वमभिवाद्य विनीतवत्। ततो ववन्दे चरणौ कैकेय्या स्सुसमाहितः।।
sa pituścaraṇau pūrvamabhivādya vinītavat. tatō vavandē caraṇau kaikēyyā ssusamāhitaḥ৷৷
With all humility and wellcomposed mind, he made reverential salutation first at his father's feet and thereafter at Kaikeyi's.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.3
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 3
रामेत्युक्त्वा तु वचनं बाष्पपर्याकुलेक्षणः। शशाक नृपतिर्दीनो नेक्षितुं नाभिभाषितुम्।।
rāmētyuktvā tu vacanaṅ bāṣpaparyākulēkṣaṇaḥ. śaśāka nṛpatirdīnō nēkṣituṅ nābhibhāṣitum৷৷
Dasaratha uttered the word 'Rama', but thereafter could neither say any more in distress nor look at him becuase his eyes were brimming with tears.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.4
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 4
तदपूर्वं नरपतेर्दृष्ट्वा रूपं भयावहम्। रामोऽपि भयमापन्नः पदा स्पृष्ट्वेव पन्नगम्।।
tadapūrvaṅ narapatērdṛṣṭvā rūpaṅ bhayāvaham. rāmō.pi bhayamāpannaḥ padā spṛṣṭvēva pannagam৷৷
Never before did Rama see such frightful appearance of his father. He was seized with fear as if he trampled a serpent.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.5
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 5
इन्द्रियैरप्रहृष्टैस्तं शोकसन्तापकर्शितम्। निश्श्वसन्तं महाराजं व्यथिताकुलचेतसम्।।
indriyairaprahṛṣṭaistaṅ śōkasantāpakarśitam. niśśvasantaṅ mahārājaṅ vyathitākulacētasam৷৷
Maharaja (Dasaratha) with his senses dulled had become emaciated due to sorrow and suffering. With an agitated and troubled mind, he was breathing heavily. Although unshakable, he looked agitated like an ocean with successive rows of waves, like the Sun in eclipse, like an ascetic who has uttered falsehood.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.6
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 6
।। ऊर्मिमालिनमक्षोभ्यं क्षुभ्यन्तमिव सागरम्। उपप्लुतमिवादित्यमुक्तानृतमृषिं यथा।।
৷৷ ūrmimālinamakṣōbhyaṅ kṣubhyantamiva sāgaram. upaplutamivādityamuktānṛtamṛṣiṅ yathā৷৷
Maharaja (Dasaratha) with his senses dulled had become emaciated due to sorrow and suffering. With an agitated and troubled mind, he was breathing heavily. Although unshakable, he looked agitated like an ocean with successive rows of waves, like the Sun in eclipse, like an ascetic who has uttered falsehood.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.7
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 7
अचिन्त्यकल्पं हि पितुस्तं शोकमुपधारयन्। बभूव संरब्धतर स्समुद्र इव पर्वणि।।
acintyakalpaṅ hi pitustaṅ śōkamupadhārayan. babhūva saṅrabdhatara ssamudra iva parvaṇi৷৷
The more Rama reflected on the incomprehensible sorrow of the king, the more he became perturbed like an ocean on the new Moon day.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.8
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 8
चिन्तयामास च तदा रामः पितृहिते रतः। किं स्विदद्यैव नृपतिर्न मां प्रत्यभिनन्दति।।
cintayāmāsa ca tadā rāmaḥ pitṛhitē rataḥ. kiṅ svidadyaiva nṛpatirna māṅ pratyabhinandati৷৷
Devoted to his father's wellbeing, Rama reflected, Why does not father reciprocate my greeting (like on other days)?
Ayodhya Kanda 18.9
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 9
अन्यदा मां पिता दृष्ट्वा कुपितोऽपि प्रसीदति। तस्य मामद्य संप्रेक्ष्य किमायासः प्रवर्तते।।
anyadā māṅ pitā dṛṣṭvā kupitō.pi prasīdati. tasya māmadya saṅprēkṣya kimāyāsaḥ pravartatē৷৷
On other occasions even though angry he would feel pleased. But today why does he feel sad even after seeing me?
Ayodhya Kanda 18.10
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 10
स दीन इव शोकार्तो विषण्णवदनद्युतिः। कैकेयीमभिवाद्यैव रामो वचनमब्रवीत्।।
sa dīna iva śōkārtō viṣaṇṇavadanadyutiḥ. kaikēyīmabhivādyaiva rāmō vacanamabravīt৷৷
With a sorrowful countenance Rama made salutation to Kaikeyi and said like a wretch tormented with grief:
Ayodhya Kanda 18.11
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 11
कच्चिन्मया नापराद्धमज्ञानाद्येन मे पिता। कुपितस्तन्ममाचक्ष्व त्वं चैवैनं प्रसादय।।
kaccinmayā nāparāddhamajñānādyēna mē pitā. kupitastanmamācakṣva tvaṅ caivainaṅ prasādaya৷৷
Have I committed any offence unknowingly? Please tell me why my father is angry with me. You alone can pacify him.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.12
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 12
अप्रसन्नमनाः किन्नु सदा मां प्रति वत्सलः। विवर्णवदनो दीनो न हि मामभिभाषते।।
aprasannamanāḥ kinnu sadā māṅ prati vatsalaḥ. vivarṇavadanō dīnō na hi māmabhibhāṣatē৷৷
Father has always been affectionate to me but today why is he in a dejected mood? Why does his countenance look pale and wretched? Why does he not speak to me?
Ayodhya Kanda 18.13
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 13
शरीरो मानसो वापि कच्चिदेनं न बाधते। सन्तापोवाऽभितापो वा दुर्लभं हि सदा सुखम्।।
śarīrō mānasō vāpi kaccidēnaṅ na bādhatē. santāpōvā.bhitāpō vā durlabhaṅ hi sadā sukham৷৷
Is he suffering from any physical ailment or mental agony? It is affliction of either the body or the mind. (For) perpetual happiness is indeed rare.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.14
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 14
कच्चिन्न किञ्चिद्भरते कुमारे प्रियदर्शने। शत्रुघ्ने वा महासत्त्वे मात्रूणां वा ममाशुभम्।।
kaccinna kiñcidbharatē kumārē priyadarśanē. śatrughnē vā mahāsattvē mātrūṇāṅ vā mamāśubham৷৷
Has any misfortune befallen the handsome Bharata or the mighty Satrughna or any of my mothers?
Ayodhya Kanda 18.15
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 15
अतोषयन्महाराजमकुर्वन्वा पितुर्वचः। मुहूर्तमपि नेच्छेयं जीवितुं कुपिते नृपे।।
atōṣayanmahārājamakurvanvā piturvacaḥ. muhūrtamapi nēcchēyaṅ jīvituṅ kupitē nṛpē৷৷
If I have (ever) displeased the maharaja, my father or disobeyed his command which has angered him, I do not wish to live for a moment৷৷
Ayodhya Kanda 18.16
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 16
यतोमूलं नरः पश्येत्प्रादुर्भावमिहात्मनः। कथं तस्मिन्नवर्तेत प्रत्यक्षे सति दैवते।।
yatōmūlaṅ naraḥ paśyētprādurbhāvamihātmanaḥ. kathaṅ tasminnavartēta pratyakṣē sati daivatē৷৷
How can a man who owes his origin (birth) in this world to him (father) who still exists as a visible god not conduct himself (as per his wish)?
Ayodhya Kanda 18.17
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 17
कच्चित्ते परुषं किञ्चिदभिमानात्पतिता मम। उक्तो भवत्या कोपेन यत्रास्य लुलितं मनः।।
kaccittē paruṣaṅ kiñcidabhimānātpatitā mama. uktō bhavatyā kōpēna yatrāsya lulitaṅ manaḥ৷৷
Have you said anything harsh to my father out of anger or (injured) selfrespect for which his mind has been shaken?
Ayodhya Kanda 18.18
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 18
एतदाचक्ष्व मे देवि तत्त्वेन परिपृच्छतः। किं निमित्तमपूर्वोयं विकारो मनुजाधिपे।।
ētadācakṣva mē dēvi tattvēna paripṛcchataḥ. kiṅ nimittamapūrvōyaṅ vikārō manujādhipē৷৷
O Devi I am repeatedly asking you the cause of this unprecedented change in the king please tell me the truth.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.19
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 19
एवमुक्ता तु कैकेयी राघवेण महात्मना। उवाचेदं सुनिर्लज्जा धृष्टमात्महितं वचः।।
ēvamuktā tu kaikēyī rāghavēṇa mahātmanā. uvācēdaṅ sunirlajjā dhṛṣṭamātmahitaṅ vacaḥ৷৷
When Kaikeyi was thus asked by the magnanimous scion of the Raghus (Rama) she uttered unashamed these impudent words in her own interest.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.20
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 20
न राजा कुपितो राम व्यसनं नास्य किञ्चन। किञ्चिन्मनोगतंत्वस्य त्वद्भयान्नाभिभाषते।।
na rājā kupitō rāma! vyasanaṅ nāsya kiñcana. kiñcinmanōgataṅtvasya tvadbhayānnābhibhāṣatē৷৷
O Rama, the king is neither angry, nor has any misforturne befallen him. But out of fear for you he is not able to speak out what he has in mind.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.21
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 21
प्रियं त्वामप्रियं वक्तुं वाणी नास्योपवर्तते। तदवश्यं त्वया कार्यं यदनेनाश्रुतं मम।।
priyaṅ tvāmapriyaṅ vaktuṅ vāṇī nāsyōpavartatē. tadavaśyaṅ tvayā kāryaṅ yadanēnāśrutaṅ mama৷৷
The goddess of speech does not permit him to say an unpleasant thing to you for you are his beloved son. So you must fulfil the promise he has made to me.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.22
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 22
एष मह्यं वरं दत्त्वा पुरा मामभिपूज्य च। स पश्चात्तप्यते राजा यथाऽन्यः प्राकृतस्तथा।।
ēṣa mahyaṅ varaṅ dattvā purā māmabhipūjya ca. sa paścāttapyatē rājā yathā.nyaḥ prākṛtastathā৷৷
In the past the king had honoured me with (two) boons. Now like any other common man he is repenting (for the same).
Ayodhya Kanda 18.23
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 23
अतिसृज्य ददानीति वरं मम विशांपतिः। स निरर्थं गतजले सेतुं बन्धितुमिच्छति।।
atisṛjya dadānīti varaṅ mama viśāṅpatiḥ. sa nirarthaṅ gatajalē sētuṅ bandhitumicchati৷৷
The king bestowed on me boons saying, 'I shall grant you two boons'. But now he wishes in vain to build a dam when the water has run down.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.24
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 24
धर्ममूलमिदं राम विदितं च सतामपि। तत्सत्यं न त्यजेद्राजा कुपितस्त्वत्कृते यथा।।
dharmamūlamidaṅ rāma! viditaṅ ca satāmapi. tatsatyaṅ na tyajēdrājā kupitastvatkṛtē yathā৷৷
O Rama, this (truth) is the basis of righteousness. The virtuous also know this. The king being angry (with me), should not abandon the truth for your sake.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.25
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 25
यदि तद्वक्ष्यते राजा शुभं वा यदि वाऽशुभम्। करिष्यसि ततस्सर्वमाख्यास्यामि पुनस्त्वहम्।।
yadi tadvakṣyatē rājā śubhaṅ vā yadi vā.śubham. kariṣyasi tatassarvamākhyāsyāmi punastvaham৷৷
If you fulfil whatever the king says, pleasant or unpleasant, I shall relate to you everything.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.26
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 26
यदि त्वभिहितं राज्ञा त्वयि तन्न विपत्स्यते। ततोऽहमभिधास्यामि न ह्येष त्वयि वक्ष्यति।।
yadi tvabhihitaṅ rājñā tvayi tanna vipatsyatē. tatō.hamabhidhāsyāmi na hyēṣa tvayi vakṣyati৷৷
If you do not transgress the word given by the king I shall tell you everything. The king on his own will not tell you.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.27
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 27
एतत्तु वचनं श्रुत्वा कैकेय्या समुदाहृतम्। उवाच व्यथितो रामस्तां देवीं नृपसन्निधौ।।
ētattu vacanaṅ śrutvā kaikēyyā samudāhṛtam. uvāca vyathitō rāmastāṅ dēvīṅ nṛpasannidhau৷৷
Very much depressed on hearing the words of Kaikeyi, Rama thus said to her in the presence of the king:
Ayodhya Kanda 18.28
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 28
अहो धिङ्नार्हसे देवि वक्तुं मामीदृशं वचः। अहं हि वचनाद्राज्ञः पतेयमपि पावके।।
ahō dhiṅnārhasē dēvi vaktuṅ māmīdṛśaṅ vacaḥ. ahaṅ hi vacanādrājñaḥ patēyamapi pāvakē৷৷
Alas, what a pity, O queen, it does not behove you to speak to me such words. I can jump into fire. Since he is my father, preceptor and wellwisher, I shall consume deadly poison or even get drowned in the sea if he so commands.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.29
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 29
।। भक्षयेयं विषं तीक्ष्णं मज्जेयमपि चार्णवे। नियुक्तो गुरुणा पित्रा नृपेण च हितेन च।।
৷৷ bhakṣayēyaṅ viṣaṅ tīkṣṇaṅ majjēyamapi cārṇavē. niyuktō guruṇā pitrā nṛpēṇa ca hitēna ca৷৷
Alas, what a pity, O queen, it does not behove you to speak to me such words. I can jump into fire. Since he is my father, preceptor and wellwisher, I shall consume deadly poison or even get drowned in the sea if he so commands.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.30
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 30
तद्ब्रूहि वचनं देवि राज्ञो यदभिकाङ्क्षितम्। करिष्ये प्रतिजाने च रामो द्विर्नाभिभाषते।।
tadbrūhi vacanaṅ dēvi rājñō yadabhikāṅkṣitam. kariṣyē pratijānē ca rāmō dvirnābhibhāṣatē৷৷
Hence tell me, O Devi Whatever be the desire of the king: I promise I shall carry out, Rama does not say two things (does not go back on his word).
Ayodhya Kanda 18.31
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 31
तमार्जवसमायुक्तमनार्या सत्यवादिनम्। उवाच रामं कैकेयी वचनं भृशदारुणम्।।
tamārjavasamāyuktamanāryā satyavādinam. uvāca rāmaṅ kaikēyī vacanaṅ bhṛśadāruṇam৷৷
To Rama who was devoted to truth and to rectitude of conduct the ignobale Kaikeyi said:
Ayodhya Kanda 18.32
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 32
पुरा दैवासुरे युद्धे पित्रा ते मम राघव। रक्षितेन वरौ दत्तौ सशल्येन महारणे।।
purā daivāsurē yuddhē pitrā tē mama rāghava. rakṣitēna varau dattau saśalyēna mahāraṇē৷৷
O descendant of Raghu in the great war between gods and demons in the past your father had granted me two boons for protecting him when he was wounded by a shaft.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.33
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 33
तत्र मे याचितो राजा भरतस्याभिषेचनम्। गमनं दण्डकारण्ये तव चाद्यैव राघव।।
tatra mē yācitō rājā bharatasyābhiṣēcanam. gamanaṅ daṇḍakāraṇyē tava cādyaiva rāghava৷৷
O scion of the Raghus, hence I have asked the king for consecration of Bharata and your departure to Dandaka forest today itself.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.34
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 34
यदि सत्यप्रतिज्ञं त्वं पितरं कर्तुमिच्छसि। आत्मानं च नरश्रेष्ठ मम वाक्यमिदं शृणु।।
yadi satyapratijñaṅ tvaṅ pitaraṅ kartumicchasi. ātmānaṅ ca naraśrēṣṭha! mama vākyamidaṅ śṛṇu৷৷
O the best of men if you want to be true to the word given by you and your father, listen to what I say.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.35
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 35
सन्निदेशे पितुस्तिष्ठ यथा तेन प्रतिश्रुतम्। त्वयाऽरण्यं प्रवेष्टव्यं नव वर्षाणि पञ्च च।।
sannidēśē pitustiṣṭha yathā tēna pratiśrutam. tvayā.raṇyaṅ pravēṣṭavyaṅ nava varṣāṇi pañca ca৷৷
Abide by your father's command. As promised by him go to the forest for fourteen years.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.36
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 36
भरतस्त्वभिषिच्येत यदेतदभिषेचनम्। त्वदर्थे विहितं राज्ञा तेन सर्वेण राघव।।
bharatastvabhiṣicyēta yadētadabhiṣēcanam. tvadarthē vihitaṅ rājñā tēna sarvēṇa rāghava!৷৷
Bharata shall be consecrated, O descendant of the Raghu dynasty with all these preparations made by the king to install you.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.37
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 37
सप्त सप्त च वर्षाणि दण्डकारण्यमाश्रितः। अभिषेकमिमं त्यक्त्वा जटाजिनधरो वस।।
sapta sapta ca varṣāṇi daṇḍakāraṇyamāśritaḥ. abhiṣēkamimaṅ tyaktvā jaṭājinadharō vasa৷৷
Forsake this consecration, wear matted locks and deerskin and take refuge in Dandaka forest for fourteen years.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.38
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 38
भरतः कोसलपुरे प्रशास्तु वसुधामिमाम्। नानारत्न समाकीर्णां सवाजिरथकुञ्जराम्।।
bharataḥ kōsalapurē praśāstu vasudhāmimām. nānāratna samākīrṇāṅ savājirathakuñjarām৷৷
Let Bharata live in Ayodhya, the capital of Kosala and rule this kingdom rich in gems of different kinds in horses, chariots and elephants.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.39
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 39
एतेन त्वां नरेन्द्रोऽयं कारुण्येन समाप्लुतः। शोकसंक्लिष्ट वदनो न शक्नोति निरीक्षितुम्।।
ētēna tvāṅ narēndrō.yaṅ kāruṇyēna samāplutaḥ. śōkasaṅkliṣṭa vadanō na śaknōti nirīkṣitum৷৷
This is why the king with his face tortured by tears and (his heart) overwhelmed with compassion for you, is unable to look at you.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.40
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 40
एतत्कुरु नरेन्द्रस्य वचनं रघुनन्दन। सत्येन महता राम तारयस्व नरेश्वरम्।।
ētatkuru narēndrasya vacanaṅ raghunandana. satyēna mahatā rāma tārayasva narēśvaram৷৷
O Joy of the Raghus, O son of the Raghu race, carry out the word of promise given by the king and save him by helping him keep the truth which is great.
Ayodhya Kanda 18.41
Valmiki Ramayanam (IIT Kanpur) · Chapter Ayodhya Kanda 18 · Verse 41
इतीव तस्यां परुषं वदन्त्यां न चैव रामः प्रविवेश शोकम्। प्रविव्यथे चापि महानुभावो राजा तु पुत्रव्यसनाभितप्तः।।
itīva tasyāṅ paruṣaṅ vadantyāṅ na caiva rāmaḥ pravivēśa śōkam. pravivyathē cāpi mahānubhāvō rājā tu putravyasanābhitaptaḥ৷৷
Even though she was speaking harsh words, Rama did not come to grief. But the magnanimous king was greatly afflicted to see the calamity on his son. इत्यार्षे श्रीमद्रामायणे वाल्मीकीय आदिकाव्ये अयोध्याकाण्डे अष्टादशस्सर्गः।। Thus ends the eighteenth sarga of Ayodhyakanda of the oly Ramayana, the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.