Book 5 Chapter 2 - Of Non-volitional Action
Chapter 2 of Book 5 in the Vaisheshika Sutras from Wisdom Library.
External Reference →Shlokas (26)
+ Add ShlokaSūtra 5.2.1 (Causes of action in Earth)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.1
नोदनाभिघातात् संयुक्तसंयोगाच्च पृथिव्यां कर्म ॥ ५.२.१ ॥
nodanābhighātāt saṃyuktasaṃyogācca pṛthivyāṃ karma || 5.2.1 ||
Action in Earth (results) from impulse, impact, and conjunction with the conjunct.
Sūtra 5.2.2 (Above continued)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.2
तद्विशेषेणादृष्टकारितम् ॥ ५.२.२ ॥
tadviśeṣeṇādṛṣṭakāritam || 5.2.2 ||
(If action in Earth happens) with a particular consequence, it is caused by adṛṣṭa .
Sūtra 5.2.3 (Cause of rain)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.3
अपां संयोगाभावे गुरुत्वात् पतनम् ॥ ५.२.३ ॥
apāṃ saṃyogābhāve gurutvāt patanam || 5.2.3 ||
The falling of waters, in the absence of conjunction, is due to gravity.—201.
Sūtra 5.2.4 (Causes of flowing of water)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.4
द्रवत्वात् स्यन्दनम् ॥ ५.२.४ ॥
dravatvāt syandanam || 5.2.4 ||
Flowing (results) from fludity.
Sūtra 5.2.5 (Cause of evaporation of water)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.5
नाड्या वायुसंयोगादारोहणम् ॥ ५.२.५ ॥
nāḍyā vāyusaṃyogādārohaṇam || 5.2.5 ||
The sun’s rays (cause) the ascent (of water), through conjunction with air.
Sūtra 5.2.6 (Cause of evaporation of water, continued)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.6
नोदनापीडनात् संयुक्तसंयोगाच्च ॥ ५.२.६ ॥
nodanāpīḍanāt saṃyuktasaṃyogācca || 5.2.6 ||
(Particles of water fly upwards), by means of concussion with impulse, and of conjunction with the conjunct.
Sūtra 5.2.7 (Cause of circulation of water in trees)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.7
वृक्षाभिसर्पणमित्यदृष्टकारितम् ॥ ५.२.७ ॥
vṛkṣābhisarpaṇamityadṛṣṭakāritam || 5.2.7 ||
The circulation (of water) in trees is caused by adṛṣṭa .
Sūtra 5.2.8 (Cause of condensation and dissolution of water)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.8
अपां सङ्घातो विलयनं च तेजः संयोगात् ॥ ५.२.८ ॥
apāṃ saṅghāto vilayanaṃ ca tejaḥ saṃyogāt || 5.2.8 ||
Condensation, and dissolution, of water, are due to conjunction with fire.
Sūtra 5.2.9 (Above continued)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.9
तत्र विस्फूर्जतुर्लिङ्गम् ॥ ५.२.९ ॥
tatra visphūrjaturliṅgam || 5.2.9 ||
The pealing of thunder is the mark of that.
Sūtra 5.2.10 (Cause of condensation of water, continued)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.10
वैदिकं च ॥ ५.२.१० ॥
vaidikaṃ ca || 5.2.10 ||
(There is) Vedic (proof) also.
Sūtra 5.2.11 (Cause of thundering)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.11
अपां संयोगाद्विभागाच्च स्तनयित्नोः ॥ ५.२.११ ॥
apāṃ saṃyogādvibhāgācca stanayitnoḥ || 5.2.11 ||
(Thunder-clap results) from conjunction with, and disjunction from, water, of the cloud.
Sūtra 5.2.12 (Causes of conflagration, tempest, etc.)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.12
पृथिवीकर्मणा तेजः कर्म वायुकर्म च व्याख्यातम् ॥ ५.२.१२ ॥
pṛthivīkarmaṇā tejaḥ karma vāyukarma ca vyākhyātam || 5.2.12 ||
The action of Fire, and the action of Air are explained by the action of Earth.
Sūtra 5.2.13 (Causes of initial action of fire, air, atoms, and mind)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.13
अग्नेरूर्ध्वज्वलनं वायोस्तिर्यग्गमनं अणूनां मनसश्चाद्यं कर्मादृष्टकारितम् ॥ ५.२.१३ ॥
agnerūrdhvajvalanaṃ vāyostiryaggamanaṃ aṇūnāṃ manasaścādyaṃ karmādṛṣṭakāritam || 5.2.13 ||
The initial upward flaming of fire, the initial sideward blowing of air, and the initial actions of atoms, and of mind are caused by adṛṣṭa .
Sūtra 5.2.14 (Cause of action of mind)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.14
हस्तकर्मणा मनसः कर्म व्याख्यातम् ॥ ५.२.१४ ॥
hastakarmaṇā manasaḥ karma vyākhyātam || 5.2.14 ||
The action of mind is explained by the action of the hand.
Sūtra 5.2.15 (Pleasure and pain are marks of action of mind)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.15
आत्मेन्द्रियमनोर्ऽथसन्निकर्षात् सुख दुःखे ॥ ५.२.१५ ॥
ātmendriyamanor'thasannikarṣāt sukha duḥkhe || 5.2.15 ||
Pleasure and pain (results) from contact of soul, sense, mind, and object.
Sūtra 5.2.16 (Yoga described)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.16
तदनारम्भ आत्मस्थे मनसि शरीरस्य दुःखाभावः संयोगः ॥ ५.२.१६ ॥
tadanārambha ātmasthe manasi śarīrasya duḥkhābhāvaḥ saṃyogaḥ || 5.2.16 ||
Non-origination of that (follows) on the mind becoming steady in the soul; (after it, there is) non-existence of pain in the embodied soul. (This is) that yoga .
Sūtra 5.2.17 (Other actions of mind...)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.17
अपसर्पणमुपसर्पणमशित पीतसंयोगाः कार्यान्तर संयोगाश्चेत्यदृष्टकारितानि ॥ ५.२.१७ ॥
apasarpaṇamupasarpaṇamaśita pītasaṃyogāḥ kāryāntara saṃyogāścetyadṛṣṭakāritāni || 5.2.17 ||
Egress and ingress (of life and mind, from and into, body), conjunctions ( i.e ., assimilation) of food and drink, and conjunctions of other products,—these are caused by adṛṣṭa .
Sūtra 5.2.18 (Mokṣa described)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.18
तदभावे संयोगाभावो ऽप्रादुर्भावश्च मोक्षः ॥ ५.२.१८ ॥
tadabhāve saṃyogābhāvo 'prādurbhāvaśca mokṣaḥ || 5.2.18 ||
Mokṣa consists in the non-existence of conjunction with the body, when there is at the same time, no potential body existing, and consequently, re-birth cannot take place.
Sūtra 5.2.19 (Darkness is non-existence)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.19
द्रव्यगुणकर्मनिष्पत्तिवैधर्म्यादभावस्तमः ॥ ५.२.१९ ॥
dravyaguṇakarmaniṣpattivaidharmyādabhāvastamaḥ || 5.2.19 ||
Darkness is non-existence, because it is different in its production from Substance, Attribute, and Action.
Sūtra 5.2.20 (Above continued)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.20
तेजसो द्रव्यान्तरेणावरणाच्च ॥ ५.२.२० ॥
tejaso dravyāntareṇāvaraṇācca || 5.2.20 ||
(Darkness is non-existence), also because (it is produced) from the obscuration of light by another substance.
Sūtra 5.2.21 (Space, Time, Ether, and Soul are void of action)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.21
दिक्कालावाकाशं च क्रियावद्वैधर्म्यान्निष्क्रियाणि ॥ ५.२.२१ ॥
dikkālāvākāśaṃ ca kriyāvadvaidharmyānniṣkriyāṇi || 5.2.21 ||
Space, Time, and also Ether are inactive, because of their difference from that which possesses activity.
Sūtra 5.2.22 (Action, Attribute, Genus, Species, and Combination are void of action)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.22
एतेन कर्माणि गुणाश्च व्याख्याताः ॥ ५.२.२२ ॥
etena karmāṇi guṇāśca vyākhyātāḥ || 5.2.22 ||
By this, Actions and Attributes are explained (as inactive).
Sūtra 5.2.23 (Combination has no beginning, and so is independent of action)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.23
निष्क्रियाणां समवायः कर्मभ्यो निषिद्धः ॥ ५.२.२३ ॥
niṣkriyāṇāṃ samavāyaḥ karmabhyo niṣiddhaḥ || 5.2.23 ||
(The relation) of the inactive ( i.e ., Attribute and Action), (to Substance), is Combination, (which is) independent of actions.
Sūtra 5.2.24 (Attributes are non-combinative causes)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.24
कारणं त्वसमवायिनो गुणाः ॥ ५.२.२४ ॥
kāraṇaṃ tvasamavāyino guṇāḥ || 5.2.24 ||
Attributes are, however, non-combinative causes.
Sūtra 5.2.25 (Space is a non-combinative cause)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.25
गुणैर्दिक् व्याख्याता ॥ ५.२.२५ ॥
guṇairdik vyākhyātā || 5.2.25 ||
Space is explained by Attributes.
Sūtra 5.2.26 (Time is an efficient cause)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 5.2 · Verse 5.2.26
कारणेन कालः ॥ ५.२.२६ ॥
kāraṇena kālaḥ || 5.2.26 ||
By way of (efficient) causality, (the reference of action to Time as its seats, being explained), Time (is explained to be inactive, so far as combinative causality is concerned).