Sūta said: In order to comprehend the movements of the planets[1] after observing the holy centres of the lord I shall mention the movements of luminaries within the Cosmic Egg succinctly.

Sūta said: In the east of the Meru, the city of Mahendra is situated on the mountain Manasa; in the south the city of the son of the sun (i.e. Yama); in the west is the city of Varuṇa and in the north the city of Soma (Moon). In all these directions, the deities of the quarters are stationed. They are the cities of Amarāvatī, Saṃyamanī, Sukhā and Vibhā in order.

Sūta said: In the east of the Meru, the city of Mahendra is situated on the mountain Manasa; in the south the city of the son of the sun (i.e. Yama); in the west is the city of Varuṇa and in the north the city of Soma (Moon). In all these directions, the deities of the quarters are stationed. They are the cities of Amarāvatī, Saṃyamanī, Sukhā and Vibhā in order.

Sūta said: Understand the movement of the sun when he has reached quarter over and above the guardians of the quarters in the course of his southern transit.

Sūta said: In his southern transit the sun rushes on like an arrow that is shot. Taking the multitude of luminaries with him he revolves perpetually.

Sūta said: O brahmins, when the lordly sun comes to the extremity of the city of Indra the sunrise is seen by all the people in Saṃyamanī.

Sūta said: At the same time in Sukhāvatī the sun is seen as at the close of the night. But in Vibhā, the lord, the eye of the universe, i.e. the Sun sets.

Sūta said: It has been mentioned by me that just as he absorbs waters in Amarāvatī so also he, the traverser of the firmament, after reaching Saṃyamanī, Sukhā[2] and Vibhā, absorbs waters.

Sūta said: When there is afternoon in Āgneyī (i.e. south-east), O brahmins, it is forenoon in the south-west. When it is terrible latter half of the night in the north-west, it is the earlier part of the night in the north-east. Similarly, when the sucker of waters (i.e. the sun) moves about in the middle of Puṣkara[3] the mountain to the north of Manasa, he traverses a thirtieth part of the earth in a Muhūrta (48 mts). Understand this number in yojanas travelled in a Muhūrta.

Sūta said: When there is afternoon in Āgneyī (i.e. south-east), O brahmins, it is forenoon in the south-west. When it is terrible latter half of the night in the north-west, it is the earlier part of the night in the north-east. Similarly, when the sucker of waters (i.e. the sun) moves about in the middle of Puṣkara[3] the mountain to the north of Manasa, he traverses a thirtieth part of the earth in a Muhūrta (48 mts). Understand this number in yojanas travelled in a Muhūrta.

Sūta said: When there is afternoon in Āgneyī (i.e. south-east), O brahmins, it is forenoon in the south-west. When it is terrible latter half of the night in the north-west, it is the earlier part of the night in the north-east. Similarly, when the sucker of waters (i.e. the sun) moves about in the middle of Puṣkara[3] the mountain to the north of Manasa, he traverses a thirtieth part of the earth in a Muhūrta (48 mts). Understand this number in yojanas travelled in a Muhūrta.

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Sūta said: Just as the middle of the potter’s wheel moves more slowly (than the end part) so also in the Uttarāyaṇa (northern transit) the sun moves slowly.

Sūta said: Hence he traverses a smaller area in the course of a longer time. That chariot of the sun is occupied by Ādityas, sages, Gandharvas, Apsarases, Grāmaṇīs, Serpents, and Rākṣasas. The thousand-rayed sun emits his rays in front, behind, below and above. Thereby he illuminates the excellent assembly of Brahmā. During the sandhyās (dawn and dusk) the brahmins and sages offer water-libations. With these waters, the sun kills the demons as and when they come near him and then goes ahead.

Sūta said: Hence he traverses a smaller area in the course of a longer time. That chariot of the sun is occupied by Ādityas, sages, Gandharvas, Apsarases, Grāmaṇīs, Serpents, and Rākṣasas. The thousand-rayed sun emits his rays in front, behind, below and above. Thereby he illuminates the excellent assembly of Brahmā. During the sandhyās (dawn and dusk) the brahmins and sages offer water-libations. With these waters, the sun kills the demons as and when they come near him and then goes ahead.

Sūta said: Hence he traverses a smaller area in the course of a longer time. That chariot of the sun is occupied by Ādityas, sages, Gandharvas, Apsarases, Grāmaṇīs, Serpents, and Rākṣasas. The thousand-rayed sun emits his rays in front, behind, below and above. Thereby he illuminates the excellent assembly of Brahmā. During the sandhyās (dawn and dusk) the brahmins and sages offer water-libations. With these waters, the sun kills the demons as and when they come near him and then goes ahead.

Sūta said: Hence he traverses a smaller area in the course of a longer time. That chariot of the sun is occupied by Ādityas, sages, Gandharvas, Apsarases, Grāmaṇīs, Serpents, and Rākṣasas. The thousand-rayed sun emits his rays in front, behind, below and above. Thereby he illuminates the excellent assembly of Brahmā. During the sandhyās (dawn and dusk) the brahmins and sages offer water-libations. With these waters, the sun kills the demons as and when they come near him and then goes ahead.

Sūta said: Hence he traverses a smaller area in the course of a longer time. That chariot of the sun is occupied by Ādityas, sages, Gandharvas, Apsarases, Grāmaṇīs, Serpents, and Rākṣasas. The thousand-rayed sun emits his rays in front, behind, below and above. Thereby he illuminates the excellent assembly of Brahmā. During the sandhyās (dawn and dusk) the brahmins and sages offer water-libations. With these waters, the sun kills the demons as and when they come near him and then goes ahead.

Sūta said: Just as the wheel whirls slowly at the nave, so also Dhruva whirls like the lump of clay in the middle.

Sūta said: Those who know the ancient lore, say that thirty muhūrtas constitute a day and a night during which the sun traverses the space in between the two limits (i.e. the solstitial points). Just as the nave of the wheel of the porter remains there alone (i.e. without moving) so also Auttānapāda (i.e. Dhruva) rotates (without moving) as the leader of the luminaries along with the planets.

Sūta said: Those who know the ancient lore, say that thirty muhūrtas constitute a day and a night during which the sun traverses the space in between the two limits (i.e. the solstitial points). Just as the nave of the wheel of the porter remains there alone (i.e. without moving) so also Auttānapāda (i.e. Dhruva) rotates (without moving) as the leader of the luminaries along with the planets.

Sūta said: The group of the sages and the luminaries moves in accordance with his will (mind). Presided over by him the sun, along with the wind, takes up water from everywhere.

Sūta said: The group of the sages and the luminaries moves in accordance with his will (mind). Presided over by him the sun, along with the wind, takes up water from everywhere.

Sūta said: The group of the sages and the luminaries moves in accordance with his will (mind). Presided over by him the sun, along with the wind, takes up water from everywhere.

Sūta said: The group of the sages and the luminaries moves in accordance with his will (mind). Presided over by him the sun, along with the wind, takes up water from everywhere.

Sūta said: The group of the sages and the luminaries moves in accordance with his will (mind). Presided over by him the sun, along with the wind, takes up water from everywhere.

Sūta said: For the welfare of creatures, the waters have been evolved by lord Śiva as their ultimate resort. The waters alone constitute Bhū, Bhuvaḥ, Svaḥ, anna (cooked rice) as well as nectar. The waters are the vital breaths of the worlds, the living beings, the worlds themselves. Of what avail is much talk? The world of mobile and immobile beings is constituted by the waters.

Sūta said: For the welfare of creatures, the waters have been evolved by lord Śiva as their ultimate resort. The waters alone constitute Bhū, Bhuvaḥ, Svaḥ, anna (cooked rice) as well as nectar. The waters are the vital breaths of the worlds, the living beings, the worlds themselves. Of what avail is much talk? The world of mobile and immobile beings is constituted by the waters.

Sūta said: For the welfare of creatures, the waters have been evolved by lord Śiva as their ultimate resort. The waters alone constitute Bhū, Bhuvaḥ, Svaḥ, anna (cooked rice) as well as nectar. The waters are the vital breaths of the worlds, the living beings, the worlds themselves. Of what avail is much talk? The world of mobile and immobile beings is constituted by the waters.

Sūta said: For the welfare of creatures, the waters have been evolved by lord Śiva as their ultimate resort. The waters alone constitute Bhū, Bhuvaḥ, Svaḥ, anna (cooked rice) as well as nectar. The waters are the vital breaths of the worlds, the living beings, the worlds themselves. Of what avail is much talk? The world of mobile and immobile beings is constituted by the waters.

Sūta said: For the welfare of creatures, the waters have been evolved by lord Śiva as their ultimate resort. The waters alone constitute Bhū, Bhuvaḥ, Svaḥ, anna (cooked rice) as well as nectar. The waters are the vital breaths of the worlds, the living beings, the worlds themselves. Of what avail is much talk? The world of mobile and immobile beings is constituted by the waters.

Sūta said: Hence the mixture of smoke, fire and wind is called cloud. The word abhra (cloud) is derived as follows: “that which showers water.” The lord of the clouds is the thousand-eyed Indra. The cloud originating from sacrificial smoke is conducive to the welfare of the twice-born. The cloud originating from the smoke of the forest fires, is conducive to the welfare of the forests.

Sūta said: Hence the mixture of smoke, fire and wind is called cloud. The word abhra (cloud) is derived as follows: “that which showers water.” The lord of the clouds is the thousand-eyed Indra. The cloud originating from sacrificial smoke is conducive to the welfare of the twice-born. The cloud originating from the smoke of the forest fires, is conducive to the welfare of the forests.

Sūta said: O brahmins, the cloud originating from the smoke of the dead bodies brings about evil. The cloud originating from the smoke of the fire during magic rites brings about the destruction of living beings.

Sūta said: Thus there is weal or woe unto the worlds due to different kinds of smokes. Hence a man shall stifle the smoke arising from the black magic rites.

Sūta said: If a brahmin were to perform black magic rites without covering up the smoke thereof, he will wantonly become the cause of destruction of the world.

Sūta said: O men of holy rites, the clouds that are receptacles of waters shower waters at the behest of the wind for six months for the welfare of the worlds.

Sūta said: The thunder pertains to the wind; the lightning arises from fire. O leading sages, the origin of snow from those clouds is in three ways.

Sūta said: The word abhra is derived thus:—[na bhraśyanti yataḥ] (since they do not become destroyed).

Sūta said: The word abhra is derived thus:—[na bhraśyanti yataḥ] (since they do not become destroyed).

Sūta said: The word abhra is derived thus:—[na bhraśyanti yataḥ] (since they do not become destroyed).

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Sūta said: The showers of the clouds Pauṇḍras, (i.e., those falling in the land of Puṇḍra) are accompanied by lightning, are cool and hence conducive to plant (growth). They are ice-cool and look like the spray of waters from elephants’ trunks.

Sūta said: The clouds called Gāṅgas originate from the waters of Gaṅgā. Through the wind in the Parāvaha region these agitate the mountains, rivers and elephants of the quarters.

Sūta said: The water separated from the clouds goes from one mountain to another. The wind Parāvaha takes the cloud to the Himavat mountain.

Sūta said: O brahmins, the remaining shower after crossing the Himavat approaches the sub-continent Bhārata in order to make the other side flourish.

Sūta said: The showers have been recounted now. They are of two types being conducive to the increase of two types of vegetation. I shall mention them briefly according to my knowledge.

Sūta said: The sun of great splendour, the lord with the eye of the universe is the creator of rains. O excellent brahmins, he is the great Īśāna, Śiva himself.

Sūta said: He alone is the splendour, power and strength, O brahmins. He is fame himself. He is the eye, ear, mind, Mṛtyu, soul, Manyu, the quarters and the interstices, truth, order, discipline, wind, firmament, planets, the guardians of the quarters, Viṣṇu, Brahmā, Rudra and Maheśvara himself.

Sūta said: He alone is the splendour, power and strength, O brahmins. He is fame himself. He is the eye, ear, mind, Mṛtyu, soul, Manyu, the quarters and the interstices, truth, order, discipline, wind, firmament, planets, the guardians of the quarters, Viṣṇu, Brahmā, Rudra and Maheśvara himself.

Sūta said: This glorious thousand-rayed deity lord Śiva is very auspicious. He has eight hands, a body semi-female and three eyes. He is the overlord of Devas. O brahmins, it is due to his favour alone that rain of various kinds occurs. The sun takes up water by his rays in order to give it back thousandfold. There is neither increase nor decrease of water, if we consider it duly. The wind presided over by Dhruva withdraws the rain. It falls off the planet sun and spreads through the sphere of the stars. At the close of the movement, it re-enters the sun and is presided over by Dhruva.

Sūta said: This glorious thousand-rayed deity lord Śiva is very auspicious. He has eight hands, a body semi-female and three eyes. He is the overlord of Devas. O brahmins, it is due to his favour alone that rain of various kinds occurs. The sun takes up water by his rays in order to give it back thousandfold. There is neither increase nor decrease of water, if we consider it duly. The wind presided over by Dhruva withdraws the rain. It falls off the planet sun and spreads through the sphere of the stars. At the close of the movement, it re-enters the sun and is presided over by Dhruva.

Sūta said: This glorious thousand-rayed deity lord Śiva is very auspicious. He has eight hands, a body semi-female and three eyes. He is the overlord of Devas. O brahmins, it is due to his favour alone that rain of various kinds occurs. The sun takes up water by his rays in order to give it back thousandfold. There is neither increase nor decrease of water, if we consider it duly. The wind presided over by Dhruva withdraws the rain. It falls off the planet sun and spreads through the sphere of the stars. At the close of the movement, it re-enters the sun and is presided over by Dhruva.

Sūta said: This glorious thousand-rayed deity lord Śiva is very auspicious. He has eight hands, a body semi-female and three eyes. He is the overlord of Devas. O brahmins, it is due to his favour alone that rain of various kinds occurs. The sun takes up water by his rays in order to give it back thousandfold. There is neither increase nor decrease of water, if we consider it duly. The wind presided over by Dhruva withdraws the rain. It falls off the planet sun and spreads through the sphere of the stars. At the close of the movement, it re-enters the sun and is presided over by Dhruva.