Bhagavad Gita Bhashya (Sri Madhvacharya) 7.8
Bhagavad Gita Bhashya (Sri Madhvacharya) 7.8 · 7 · Verse 8
Sanskrit Original
।।7.8 7.12।।इदं ज्ञानम्। रसोऽहमित्यादिविज्ञानम्। अबादयोऽपि तत एव। तथापि रसादिस्वभावाना सागणां च स्वभावत्वे सारत्वे च विशेषतोऽपि स एव नियमाकः न त्वबादिनियमानुबद्धो रसादिस्तत्सारत्वादिश्चेति दर्शयति अप्सु रस इत्यादिविशेषशब्दैः। भोगश्च विशेषतो रसादेरिति च उपासनार्थं च।उक्तं च गीताकल्पेरसादीनां रसादित्वे स्वभावत्वे तथैव च। सारत्वे सर्वधर्मेषु विशेषेणापि कारणम्। सारभोक्ता च सर्वत्र यतोऽतो जगदीश्वरः। रसादिमानिनां देहे स सर्वत्र व्यवस्थितः। अबादयः पार्षदाश्च ध्येयः स ज्ञानिनां हरिः। रसादिसम्पत्त्या अन्येषां वासुदेवो जगत्पतिः इति।स्वभावो जीव एव च।सर्वस्वभावो नियतस्तेनैव किमुतापरम्।न तदस्ति विना यत्स्यान्मया भूतं चराचरम् इति च।धर्माविरुद्धःकामरागबिवर्जितम्इत्याद्युपासनार्थम्। उक्तं च गीताकल्पेधर्मारुविद्धकामेऽसावुपास्यः काममिच्छता। विहीने कामरागादेर्बले च बलमिच्छता। ध्यातस्तत्र त्वनिच्छद्भिर्ज्ञानमेव ददाति च इत्यादि पुण्यो गन्ध इति भोगापेक्षया। तथा हि श्रुतिः पुण्यमेवामुं गच्छति न ह वै देवान् पापं गच्छति बृ.उ.1।5।20 ऋतं पिबन्तौ सुकृतस्य लोके कठो.3।1 इत्यादिका। ऋतं च पुण्यम्।ऋतं सत्यं तथा धर्मः सुकृतं चाभिधीयते इत्यभिधानात्।ऋतं तु मानसो धर्मः सत्यं स्यात्सम्प्रयोगगः इति च। नच अनश्नन्नन्यो अभिचाकशीति श्वे.उ.4।6 मुं.3।1।1ऋक्2।3।17।5अन्यो निरन्नोऽपि बलेन भूयान् इत्यादिविरोधि स्थूलानशनोक्तेः। आह च सूक्ष्माशनम्। प्रविविक्ताहारतर इवैव भवत्यस्माच्छारीरारादात्मनः।न चात्र जीव उच्यते शारीरादात्मन इति भेदाभिधानात्। स्वप्नादिश्च शारीर एवशारीरस्तु त्रिधा भिन्नो जाग्रदादिष्ववस्थितेः इति वचनाद्गारुडे। अस्मादिति त्वीश्वरव्यावृत्त्यर्थम्।शारीरौ तावुभौ ज्ञेयौजीवश्चेश्वरसंज्ञितः। अनादिबन्धनस्त्वेको नित्यमुक्तस्तथाऽपरः इति वचनान्नारदीये भेदश्रुतेश्च। सति गत्यन्तरे पुरुषभेद एव कल्प्यो नत्ववस्थाभेदः। आह च प्रविविक्तभुग्यतो ह्यस्माच्छारीरात्पुरुषोत्तमः। अतोऽभोक्ता च भोक्ता च स्थूलाभोगात्स एव तु इति गीताकल्पे। न त्वहं तेष्विति तदनाधारत्वमुच्यते। उक्तं च तदाश्रितं जगत्सर्वं नासौ कुत्रचिदाश्रितः इति गीताकल्पे।
This is knowledge: the realization ‘I am the taste’ and similar knowings. Even the non‑denying (abādya) are the same. Yet the words like rasa (taste) indicate, in respect of their nature and essentiality, both the nature (svabhāva) and the essence (sāra) of those who possess rasa; they show the rule (niyamaka) as that same entity, not something bound by non‑denial. Thus the special words such as ‘rasa’ in the passages indicate its essentiality and so on. ‘Bhoga’ (enjoyment) also is specially from rasa, and this is stated for purposes of worship. The Gīta‑commentary has declared the rasas to be rasa‑natured, and likewise their innate essence. Essence is the cause especially in all duties. The enjoyer of the essence is present everywhere, for he is the Lord of the world. He is present throughout the bodies of those endowed with rasa. The non‑deniable and the companions are the objects of meditation; he is Hari to the jñānins. By possession of rasa and the like, Vasudeva is the Lord of the world for others. The nature (svabhāva) is indeed the jīva. Every nature is fixed by Him — what else could there be? There is nothing without that by which the moving and non‑moving become mine. This is said for the purpose of worship: free from duties opposed to dharma and devoid of desires and attachments. The Gīta‑commentary also says: ‘This one, having desire directed by dharma, is to be worshipped — he desires what is desired.’ When desire is absent, desireless ones by meditation grant only knowledge. And so on: ‘punya’ and ‘gandha’ are mentioned with regard to expectant enjoyment. Scripture too says: ‘One goes to the pure (puṇya), not to the gods to sin’ and similar passages. ‘Rita’ and ‘puṇya’: rita is named as puṇya. Rita, truth and dharma, and su‑kṛta are equivalent in their designations. Rita is the dharma of the mind; truth arises by conjunction. The objection ‘one who does not eat is not attacked by another’ (Śvetasvatara etc.) and similar passages are answered by the gross sense of eating mentioned earlier; there is here ‘subtle eating’. In the life of a recluse who subsists on rare food, the body becomes thus for the self. The jīva is not said to be the body, as that would be mere equivocation. From the statement about dream etc., the body is distinguished: the one self is threefold in experience — differing in the states of waking and so on, as Garuḍa says. ‘From this’ indicates the divine activity of the Lord. The two bodies are to be known; the jīva is named ishvara in one sense. The Nārada passages speak of distinction: one is without beginning, boundless, ever‑free, another is ... Given the difference of states, one posits difference of persons, not of substantiation. The Gīta‑commentary says that because one enjoys separately from the body, he (the supreme person) is beyond the body; hence the enjoyer and the enjoyed are the same owing to gross enjoyment. ‘Not “I” in them’ is because there is no basis for that claim. The commentary also says: ‘The whole world is dependent on that; nowhere is it without support.’