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Sanatan Dharma

सनातन धर्म — Hindu Scripture Knowledge Base

Bhagavad Gita Bhashya (Sri Madhvacharya) 12.3

Bhagavad Gita Bhashya (Sri Madhvacharya) 12.3 · 12 · Verse 3

dvaitamadhvacharyabhagavad-gitacommentaryvedanta

Sanskrit Original

।।12.3 -- 12.4।।भवन्तु त्वदुपासका एवोत्तमाः? इतरेषां तु किं फलं इत्यत आह -- ये त्वित्यादिना। अनिर्देश्यत्वं चोक्तं भागवते मायायाः -- अप्रतर्क्यादनिर्देश्यादिति केष्वपि निश्चयः [ ] इति। ईश्वरस्तु देवशब्देनोक्तःदैवमन्ये परे [4।25] इत्यत्र। उक्तं च सामवेदे काषायणश्रुतौ -- नासदासीन्नो सदासीत्तदानीम् [ऋक्सं.8।7।18।1] इति। न महाभूतं नोपभूतं तदासीत् इत्याद्यारभ्य तम आसीत्तमसा गूढमग्रे [ऋक्सं.8।7।17।3] इति। तमो ह्यव्यक्तमजरमनिर्द्देश्यमेषा ह्येव प्रकृतिः इति।सर्वगाऽचिन्त्यादिलक्षणा हि सा। तथाहि मोक्षधर्मे -- नारायणगुणाश्रयादजरामरादतीन्द्रियादग्राह्यादसम्भवतः। असत्यादहिंस्राल्ललामाद्वितीयप्रवृत्तिविशेषादवैरादक्षयादमरादक्षरादमूर्तितः। सर्वस्याः सर्वस्य सर्वकर्त्तुः,शाश्वततमसः [म.भा.12।342।6] इतिआसीदिदं तमोभूतमप्रज्ञातमलक्षणम्। अप्रतर्क्यमविज्ञेयं प्रसुप्तमिव सर्वतः इति मानवे [1।5]।कूटस्थोऽक्षर उच्यते [15।16] वक्ष्यति इति। कूटे आकाशे स्थिता कूटस्था। आकाशे संस्थिता त्वेषा ततः कूटस्थिता मता इति ह्यग्वेदखिलेषु। सा सर्वगा निश्चला लोकयोनिः सा चाक्षरा विश्वगा विरजस्का इति सामवेदे गौपवनशाखायाम्।

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“Are your worshippers the best?” — and “what fruit have others?” — such questions are answered: those who worship thus (ye tv iti). The Bhagavān speaks of the indefinability (anairdeśyatva) of māyā—its inscrutability and indefinableness. The deity is named īśvara by the term deva; destiny and other powers are distinct, as in the text. The Sāma-veda (Kāṣāyaṇa recension) states: “Once non-existent, now existent.” It continues: “Not the gross element, not a subtle one—that was; then that was hidden in darkness.” Thus the unmanifest is darkness, unborn and indefinable—this is prakṛti, marked by being all-pervading and inconceivable. In the teaching on moksha it is said that by reliance on the attributes of Nārāyaṇa one transcends birth and death; he is beyond senses and not apprehensible, and arises from non-being. He is characterized as non-lying, non-violent, etc., and as the eternal agent and sovereign cause of all. The unmanifest (tamo-bhūta) is that which is ignorant, indescribable and indistinct; it is inscrutable and asleep everywhere, as Manava and others say. “Kūṭastha is called akṣara” — this is taught: Kūṭa—an immovable presence in akasha; thus Kūṭastha is conceived. The Sāma-veda (Gaupāvana branch) calls her universal, motionless, the world-constituting one, and akṣara, the purifier of the universe.