Book 9 Chapter 2 - (? Inferential cognition)
Chapter 2 of Book 9 in the Vaisheshika Sutras from Wisdom Library.
External Reference →Shlokas (13)
+ Add ShlokaSūtra 9.2.1 (Marks of inference enumerated)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 9.2 · Verse 9.2.1
अस्येदं कार्यं कारणं संयोगि विरोधि समवायि चेति लैङ्गिकम् ॥ ९.२.१ ॥
asyedaṃ kāryaṃ kāraṇaṃ saṃyogi virodhi samavāyi ceti laiṅgikam || 9.2.1 ||
“It is the effect or cause of, conjunct with, contradictory to, or combined in, this,”—such is (cognition) produced by the mark of inference.
Sūtra 9.2.2 (Inference and the Law of Cause and Effect, how related)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 9.2 · Verse 9.2.2
अस्येदं कार्य कारणसम्बन्धश्चावयवाद्भवति ॥ ९.२.२ ॥
asyedaṃ kārya kāraṇasambandhaścāvayavādbhavati || 9.2.2 ||
‘It is its’ (—this cognition is sufficient to cause an illation to be made); whereas (the introduction of) the relation of effect and cause arises from a (particular) member (of the argument).
Sūtra 9.2.3 (Inferential Cognition includes Verbal Cognition)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 9.2 · Verse 9.2.3
एतेन शाब्दं व्याख्यातम् ॥ ९.२.३ ॥
etena śābdaṃ vyākhyātam || 9.2.3 ||
Hereby verbal (cognition is) explained.
Sūtra 9.2.4 (Sound or word cannot produce cognition of its sense or meaning)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 9.2 · Verse 9.2.4
हेतुरपदेशो लिङ्गं प्रमाणं करणमित्यनर्थान्तरम् ॥ ९.२.४ ॥
heturapadeśo liṅgaṃ pramāṇaṃ karaṇamityanarthāntaram || 9.2.4 ||
Reason, Description, Mark, Proof, Instrument—these are not antonyms.
Sūtra 9.2.5 (Comparison, Presumption, Sub-sumption, Privation, and Tradition...)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 9.2 · Verse 9.2.5
अस्येदमिति बुद्ध्यपेक्षितत्वात् ॥ ९.२.५ ॥
asyedamiti buddhyapekṣitatvāt || 9.2.5 ||
(Comparison, Presumption, Sub-sumption, Privation, and Tradition are all included in Inference by marks), because they depend, for their origin, upon the cognition, namely, “It is its.”—346.
Sūtra 9.2.6 (Reminiscence, how produced)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 9.2 · Verse 9.2.6
आत्मनः संयोगविशेषात् संस्काराच्च स्मृतिः ॥ ९.२.६ ॥
ātmanaḥ saṃyogaviśeṣāt saṃskārācca smṛtiḥ || 9.2.6 ||
Reminiscence (results) from a particular conjunction between the Soul and the Mind and also from Impression or latency.
Sūtra 9.2.7 (Dream, how produced)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 9.2 · Verse 9.2.7
तथा स्वप्नः ॥ ९.२.७ ॥
tathā svapnaḥ || 9.2.7 ||
So (also is) dreaming.
Sūtra 9.2.8 (Cognition accompanying dreaming, how produced)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 9.2 · Verse 9.2.8
स्वप्नान्तिकम् ॥ ९.२.८ ॥
svapnāntikam || 9.2.8 ||
(So is) consciousness accompanying dreams.
Sūtra 9.2.9 (Another cause of dreaming and of cognition in dreaming)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 9.2 · Verse 9.2.9
धर्माच्च ॥ ९.२.९ ॥
dharmācca || 9.2.9 ||
(Dreaming and consciousness accompanying dreaming result) from dharma also.
Sūtra 9.2.10 (Causes of Avidyā or Incertitude)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 9.2 · Verse 9.2.10
इन्द्रियदोषात्संस्कारदोषाच्चाविद्या ॥ ९.२.१० ॥
indriyadoṣātsaṃskāradoṣāccāvidyā || 9.2.10 ||
False knowledge (arises) from imperfection of the Senses and from imperfection of Impression.
Sūtra 9.2.11 (The characteristic of Avidyā)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 9.2 · Verse 9.2.11
तद्दुष्टज्ञानम् ॥ ९.२.११ ॥
tadduṣṭajñānam || 9.2.11 ||
That ( i.e ., Avidyā ) is imperfect knowledge.
Sūtra 9.2.12 (The characteristic of Vidyā)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 9.2 · Verse 9.2.12
अदुष्टं विद्या ॥ ९.२.१२ ॥
aduṣṭaṃ vidyā || 9.2.12 ||
(Cognition) free from imperfection, is (called) Vidyā or scientific knowledge.
Sūtra 9.2.13 (Cognition by Sages Siddhas, how produced)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 9.2 · Verse 9.2.13
आर्षं सिद्धदर्शनं च धर्मेभ्यः ॥ ९.२.१३ ॥
ārṣaṃ siddhadarśanaṃ ca dharmebhyaḥ || 9.2.13 ||
Cognition of advanced sages, as also vision of the Perfected Ones, (results) from dharma or merits.