Book 4 Chapter 1 - Of Atoms
Chapter 1 of Book 4 in the Vaisheshika Sutras from Wisdom Library.
External Reference →Shlokas (13)
+ Add ShlokaSūtra 4.1.1 (The eternal defined)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 4.1 · Verse 4.1.1
सदकारणवन्नित्यम् ॥ ४.१.१ ॥
sadakāraṇavannityam || 4.1.1 ||
The eternal is that which is existent and uncaused.
Sūtra 4.1.2 (Mark of existence of ultimate atoms)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 4.1 · Verse 4.1.2
तस्य कार्यं लिङ्गम् ॥ ४.१.२ ॥
tasya kāryaṃ liṅgam || 4.1.2 ||
The effect is the mark (of the existence) of the ultimate atom.
Sūtra 4.1.3 (Law of Causation)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 4.1 · Verse 4.1.3
कारणभावात् कार्याभावः ॥ ४.१.३ ॥
kāraṇabhāvāt kāryābhāvaḥ || 4.1.3 ||
The existence (of colour, etc.) in the effect, (follows) from (their) existence in the cause.
Sūtra 4.1.4 (The eternal exists)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 4.1 · Verse 4.1.4
अनित्य इति विशेषतः प्रतिषेधभावः ॥ ४.१.४ ॥
anitya iti viśeṣataḥ pratiṣedhabhāvaḥ || 4.1.4 ||
“Not-eternal”—such (intuition and expression) can be accounted for only as the negation of the eternal.
Sūtra 4.1.5 (The theory that atoms are not eternal, is erroneous)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 4.1 · Verse 4.1.5
अविद्या ॥ ४.१.५ ॥
avidyā || 4.1.5 ||
(It is) an error (to suppose that the ultimate atom is not eternal).
Sūtra 4.1.6 (Requisites of perception)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 4.1 · Verse 4.1.6
महत्यनेकद्रव्यवत्त्वात् रूपाच्चोपलब्धिः ॥ ४.१.६ ॥
mahatyanekadravyavattvāt rūpāccopalabdhiḥ || 4.1.6 ||
External perception (takes place), in respect of an object possessing magnitude, by means of its possession of that which is composed of more substances than one, and by means of its colour.
Sūtra 4.1.7 (Cause Of Non-Perception)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 4.1 · Verse 4.1.7
सत्यपि द्रव्यत्वे महत्त्वे रूपसंस्काराभावाद्वायोरनुपलब्धिः ॥ ४.१.७ ॥
satyapi dravyatve mahattve rūpasaṃskārābhāvādvāyoranupalabdhiḥ || 4.1.7 ||
The non-perception of Air, in spite of there being subs-tance-ness and magnitude, is due to the non-existence of the evolution of colour.
Sūtra 4.1.8 (Requisites of perception of colour)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 4.1 · Verse 4.1.8
अनेकद्रव्यसमवायात् रूपविशेषाच्च रूपोपलब्धिः ॥ ४.१.८ ॥
anekadravyasamavāyāt rūpaviśeṣācca rūpopalabdhiḥ || 4.1.8 ||
Perception of colour (arises) from its combination with a compound of substances more than two, and from (its possession of) some special characteristic of colour.
Sūtra 4.1.9 (Perception of Taste, Smell, and Touch)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 4.1 · Verse 4.1.9
तेन रसगन्धस्पर्शेषु ज्ञानं व्याख्यातम् ॥ ४.१.९ ॥
tena rasagandhasparśeṣu jñānaṃ vyākhyātam || 4.1.9 ||
Hereby is explained (perceptual) knowledge in the case of Taste, Smell, and Touch.
Sūtra 4.1.10 (Gravity, not perceptible)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 4.1 · Verse 4.1.10
तस्याभावादव्यभिचारः ॥ ४.१.१० ॥
tasyābhāvādavyabhicāraḥ || 4.1.10 ||
Because of the non-existence of this, there is no violation (of the above law of perceptibility in the case of Gravity.)—166.
Sūtra 4.1.11 (Where Numbers, etc., are objects of visual perception)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 4.1 · Verse 4.1.11
संख्याः परिमाणानि पृथक्त्वं संयोग विभागौ परत्वापरत्वे कर्म च रूपद्रव्यसमवायात् चाक्षुषाणि ॥ ४.१.११ ॥
saṃkhyāḥ parimāṇāni pṛthaktvaṃ saṃyoga vibhāgau paratvāparatve karma ca rūpadravyasamavāyāt cākṣuṣāṇi || 4.1.11 ||
Numbers, Magnitudes, Separateness, Conjunction and Disjunction, Priority and Posteriority, and Action become objects of visual perception, through their combination with Substances possessing colour.
Sūtra 4.1.12 (Here they are not)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 4.1 · Verse 4.1.12
अरूपिष्वचाक्षुषाणि ॥ ४.१.१२ ॥
arūpiṣvacākṣuṣāṇi || 4.1.12 ||
In substances not possessing colour, they are not objects of visual perception.
Sūtra 4.1.13 (Attribute-ness and existence perceptible to all the senses)
WisdomLib.org (Nandalal Sinha, 1923) · Chapter Vaisheshika Sutras 4.1 · Verse 4.1.13
एतेन गुणत्वे भावे च सर्वेन्द्रियं ज्ञानं व्याख्यातम् ॥ ४.१.१३ ॥
etena guṇatve bhāve ca sarvendriyaṃ jñānaṃ vyākhyātam || 4.1.13 ||
By this it is explained that knowledge in regard to attributeness and existence, is omni-sensuous or of all the senses.