Now for the coalescence of two vowels into one.

In the case of a simple vowel , followed by a similar vowel , the product is long.

Now for cases in which an a-vowel stands first.

When an i-vowel follows , the product is e.

When an u-vowel follows , the product is o.

When e or ai follows , the product is ai.

When o or au follows , the product is au.

When r̥ follows , the product is ar.

If a preposition precedes , the product is ār.

When an acute enters into the combination , the result is acute.

When a nasal , the result is nasal.

When circumflex and grave are combined , the result is circumflex.

Exceptions are dhā , mā , and pā , when followed by asi ; also budhniyā , jyā , ā pūṣā , and aminanta --- before a vowel belonging to the text.

When followed by eṣṭaḥ , etana , eman , odman , oṣṭha , or evaḥ , an a-vowel is elided.

An i-vowel and u become respectively y and v.

And , when they are acute , a following grave becomes circumflex.

Also when ū is the prduct of the combination.

Exceptions are śyetī and mithunī.

But y and v are elided , when preceded by an a-vowel.

Not so , according to ukhya.

Not v , according to sāṃkr̥tya.

According to mācākīya , both are omitted when followed by u or o.

According to vātsapra , they are imperceptibly uttered.

Exceptions are protracted and pragraha vowels.

Also the remaining vowel.