Indra said: In Kali age men excited by tamoguṇa adopt Māyā (deception) and jealousy. They do not hesitate to kill ascetics. They are always tormented by jealousy.

Indra said: In Kali age there is always carelessness, illness, hunger, fear, and terrible suffering from drought. There is also opposition from and among the different parts of the country.

Indra said: Śruti (i. e. Vedas) is not considered an authority. Men resort to sinful activity. People are sinful, irritable and narrowminded. They misbehave.

Indra said: Greedy and wicked subjects, born in Kali utter falsehood. They are engaged in evil desires, evil study, misbehaviour and misleading scriptural texts.

Indra said: Due to defects in the activities of the brahmins fear arises in the subjects. The twice-born neglect the study of Vedas and do not sacrifice as prescribed.

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Indra said: Killing of foetus and murder of heroes become prevalent. Śūdras adopt the conduct of life prescribed for the brahmins and the brahmins adopt the ways of Śūdras.

Indra said: Thieves function as kings and kings function as thieves. The chaste ladies cease to exist and wanton sluts increase in number.

Indra said: Stability and discipline of four castes and stages of life disappear from all places. At that time the earth yields very little fruit in one place and great fruits in another.

Indra said: O Śilāśana, the kings confiscate and misappropriate public property. They cease to be protectors. Śūdras acquire knowledge and are honoured by the brahmins.

Indra said: Non-kṣatriyas become rulers. Brahmins depend on Śūdras. Śūdras proud of their intellect remain sitting in their seats and do not stir on seeing brahmins.

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Indra said: In Kali there will be many ascetics. As the yuga draws to a close, men become reduced in number while women increase in proportion. In Kali even the brahmins censure Vedic learning and holy rites. In Kali lord Mahādeva, Śaṅkara, Nīlalohita reveals himself as one of deformed features, for the establishment of righteousness. The brahmins who resort to him by any means conquer the evils of Kali and attain the highest abode.

Indra said: In Kali there will be many ascetics. As the yuga draws to a close, men become reduced in number while women increase in proportion. In Kali even the brahmins censure Vedic learning and holy rites. In Kali lord Mahādeva, Śaṅkara, Nīlalohita reveals himself as one of deformed features, for the establishment of righteousness. The brahmins who resort to him by any means conquer the evils of Kali and attain the highest abode.

Indra said: In Kali there will be many ascetics. As the yuga draws to a close, men become reduced in number while women increase in proportion. In Kali even the brahmins censure Vedic learning and holy rites. In Kali lord Mahādeva, Śaṅkara, Nīlalohita reveals himself as one of deformed features, for the establishment of righteousness. The brahmins who resort to him by any means conquer the evils of Kali and attain the highest abode.

Indra said: In Kali there will be many ascetics. As the yuga draws to a close, men become reduced in number while women increase in proportion. In Kali even the brahmins censure Vedic learning and holy rites. In Kali lord Mahādeva, Śaṅkara, Nīlalohita reveals himself as one of deformed features, for the establishment of righteousness. The brahmins who resort to him by any means conquer the evils of Kali and attain the highest abode.

Indra said: In Kali there will be many ascetics. As the yuga draws to a close, men become reduced in number while women increase in proportion. In Kali even the brahmins censure Vedic learning and holy rites. In Kali lord Mahādeva, Śaṅkara, Nīlalohita reveals himself as one of deformed features, for the establishment of righteousness. The brahmins who resort to him by any means conquer the evils of Kali and attain the highest abode.

Indra said: In Kali there will be many ascetics. As the yuga draws to a close, men become reduced in number while women increase in proportion. In Kali even the brahmins censure Vedic learning and holy rites. In Kali lord Mahādeva, Śaṅkara, Nīlalohita reveals himself as one of deformed features, for the establishment of righteousness. The brahmins who resort to him by any means conquer the evils of Kali and attain the highest abode.

Indra said: In Kali there will be many ascetics. As the yuga draws to a close, men become reduced in number while women increase in proportion. In Kali even the brahmins censure Vedic learning and holy rites. In Kali lord Mahādeva, Śaṅkara, Nīlalohita reveals himself as one of deformed features, for the establishment of righteousness. The brahmins who resort to him by any means conquer the evils of Kali and attain the highest abode.

Indra said: The lord of rain will be wayward in making showers at the close of yuga. Merchants will resort to malpractices. They will be surrounded by heretics indulging in vain outward show. There will be many beggars and petitioners among the people soliciting one another. There will be no one not indulging in harsh words; there will not be any straightforward man; there will hardly be anyone who is not jealous; when the yuga comes to a close, there will scarcely be any man readily willing to return the help rendered. Fallen people and censurers characterise this closing period -of yuga. The earth will be devoid of kings, riches and foodgrains will not flourish; groups of conspirators will be formed in the cities and countries. The earth will have short supply of water and will be deficient in fruits. Those assigned to be protectors will not be so. They will not be subject to discipline.

Indra said: The lord of rain will be wayward in making showers at the close of yuga. Merchants will resort to malpractices. They will be surrounded by heretics indulging in vain outward show. There will be many beggars and petitioners among the people soliciting one another. There will be no one not indulging in harsh words; there will not be any straightforward man; there will hardly be anyone who is not jealous; when the yuga comes to a close, there will scarcely be any man readily willing to return the help rendered. Fallen people and censurers characterise this closing period -of yuga. The earth will be devoid of kings, riches and foodgrains will not flourish; groups of conspirators will be formed in the cities and countries. The earth will have short supply of water and will be deficient in fruits. Those assigned to be protectors will not be so. They will not be subject to discipline.

Indra said: The lord of rain will be wayward in making showers at the close of yuga. Merchants will resort to malpractices. They will be surrounded by heretics indulging in vain outward show. There will be many beggars and petitioners among the people soliciting one another. There will be no one not indulging in harsh words; there will not be any straightforward man; there will hardly be anyone who is not jealous; when the yuga comes to a close, there will scarcely be any man readily willing to return the help rendered. Fallen people and censurers characterise this closing period -of yuga. The earth will be devoid of kings, riches and foodgrains will not flourish; groups of conspirators will be formed in the cities and countries. The earth will have short supply of water and will be deficient in fruits. Those assigned to be protectors will not be so. They will not be subject to discipline.

Indra said: The lord of rain will be wayward in making showers at the close of yuga. Merchants will resort to malpractices. They will be surrounded by heretics indulging in vain outward show. There will be many beggars and petitioners among the people soliciting one another. There will be no one not indulging in harsh words; there will not be any straightforward man; there will hardly be anyone who is not jealous; when the yuga comes to a close, there will scarcely be any man readily willing to return the help rendered. Fallen people and censurers characterise this closing period -of yuga. The earth will be devoid of kings, riches and foodgrains will not flourish; groups of conspirators will be formed in the cities and countries. The earth will have short supply of water and will be deficient in fruits. Those assigned to be protectors will not be so. They will not be subject to discipline.

Indra said: The lord of rain will be wayward in making showers at the close of yuga. Merchants will resort to malpractices. They will be surrounded by heretics indulging in vain outward show. There will be many beggars and petitioners among the people soliciting one another. There will be no one not indulging in harsh words; there will not be any straightforward man; there will hardly be anyone who is not jealous; when the yuga comes to a close, there will scarcely be any man readily willing to return the help rendered. Fallen people and censurers characterise this closing period -of yuga. The earth will be devoid of kings, riches and foodgrains will not flourish; groups of conspirators will be formed in the cities and countries. The earth will have short supply of water and will be deficient in fruits. Those assigned to be protectors will not be so. They will not be subject to discipline.

Indra said: The lord of rain will be wayward in making showers at the close of yuga. Merchants will resort to malpractices. They will be surrounded by heretics indulging in vain outward show. There will be many beggars and petitioners among the people soliciting one another. There will be no one not indulging in harsh words; there will not be any straightforward man; there will hardly be anyone who is not jealous; when the yuga comes to a close, there will scarcely be any man readily willing to return the help rendered. Fallen people and censurers characterise this closing period -of yuga. The earth will be devoid of kings, riches and foodgrains will not flourish; groups of conspirators will be formed in the cities and countries. The earth will have short supply of water and will be deficient in fruits. Those assigned to be protectors will not be so. They will not be subject to discipline.

Indra said: Men will rob others of their wealth and violate the chastity of other men’s wives. They will be lustful, wicked at heart, base and foolhardy. They will lose proper perspective of things. Suffering from colic they will have their hairs dishevelled. Towards the close of the yuga people will be born whose age will be only sixteen years.

Indra said: Men will rob others of their wealth and violate the chastity of other men’s wives. They will be lustful, wicked at heart, base and foolhardy. They will lose proper perspective of things. Suffering from colic they will have their hairs dishevelled. Towards the close of the yuga people will be born whose age will be only sixteen years.

Indra said: When the end of the yuga is imminent Śūdras will begin the practice of dharma with white teeth, deerskin and Kudrākṣa beads, with shaven heads añd ochre-coloured robes.

Indra said: Men will steal plants and grains. They will covet the clothes they see; thieves will rob other thieves of their wealth; one robber will rob another.

Indra said: When noble and befitting holy rites are no longer performed; when all the people become inactive and lethargic, germs, mice and serpents will torment men. Prosperity, welfare, health and efficiency will be difficult to attain. People afflicted by hunger and fear will resort to the lands near the Kauśikī[2] river.

Indra said: When noble and befitting holy rites are no longer performed; when all the people become inactive and lethargic, germs, mice and serpents will torment men. Prosperity, welfare, health and efficiency will be difficult to attain. People afflicted by hunger and fear will resort to the lands near the Kauśikī[2] river.

Indra said: People overwhelmed by misery will never see the maximum span of life of hundred years. In Kali all the Vedas will not be available. Yajñas perish afflicted by people of no virtue. Ochre-robed and naked anchorites will be wandering and many Kāpālikas (ascetics holding skulls as their begging bowls) will infest the territories.

Indra said: People overwhelmed by misery will never see the maximum span of life of hundred years. In Kali all the Vedas will not be available. Yajñas perish afflicted by people of no virtue. Ochre-robed and naked anchorites will be wandering and many Kāpālikas (ascetics holding skulls as their begging bowls) will infest the territories.

Indra said: Some sell Vedas and others sell Tīrthas (holy waters) i.e. make illegal gain out of these. When Kali yuga begins heretics will be born who will be opposed to the system of four castes and stages of life. Śūdras will learn the Vedas and will become experts in the meaning of dharma.

Indra said: Some sell Vedas and others sell Tīrthas (holy waters) i.e. make illegal gain out of these. When Kali yuga begins heretics will be born who will be opposed to the system of four castes and stages of life. Śūdras will learn the Vedas and will become experts in the meaning of dharma.

Indra said: Kings boṛn of Śūdra wombs will perform horsesacrifice. People begin to harass one another by killing women, children, cows and one another.

Indra said: Kings boṛn of Śūdra wombs will perform horsesacrifice. People begin to harass one another by killing women, children, cows and one another.

Indra said: Kings boṛn of Śūdra wombs will perform horsesacrifice. People begin to harass one another by killing women, children, cows and one another.

Indra said: Hence during Kali, longevity strength and features become less and less. Men attain perfection within a short while.

Indra said: Excellent brahmins of blessed nature will still practise dharma without malice towards the end of yuga as laid down in the Śrutis and Smṛtis. What is gained by the practice of dharma for a year in Tretā is attained by the practice of it for a month in Dvāpara. In Kali an intelligent devotee attains the same in a day by practising Dharma strenuously.[3]

Indra said: Excellent brahmins of blessed nature will still practise dharma without malice towards the end of yuga as laid down in the Śrutis and Smṛtis. What is gained by the practice of dharma for a year in Tretā is attained by the practice of it for a month in Dvāpara. In Kali an intelligent devotee attains the same in a day by practising Dharma strenuously.[3]

Indra said: This is the state of affairs in the Kali yuga. Understand the situation in the period of ending junction (sandhyāṃśa) from me. In every yuga the Siddhis are reduced to three-fourths of what they were in the beginning.

Indra said: Only a quarter of the features of the yugas remains in their sandhyās (preceding transition periods). Similarly only a quarter of the features of the sandhyās abides in the san-dhyāṃśas (succeeding transition periods) (i.e. during the sandhyāṃśa period only ⅙ of the yuga Dharma will prevail).

Indra said: When the yuga has come to a close and the period of junction too has arrived, the chastiser of the wicked people will rise up in order to kill all the bad living beings. He will be born in the family of the Moon. He will be called Pramiti by name, Previously in the Svāyambhuva manvantara, he had been born of the parts of Manu (i.e. in the family of then Manu); for full twenty years he will be roaming about on the earth. He will be taking along with him a big army consisting of horses, chariots and elephants. He will be surrounded by hundreds and thousands of brahmins wielding weapons. He will kill the Mlecchas (alien outcaste people) in thousands.

Indra said: When the yuga has come to a close and the period of junction too has arrived, the chastiser of the wicked people will rise up in order to kill all the bad living beings. He will be born in the family of the Moon. He will be called Pramiti by name, Previously in the Svāyambhuva manvantara, he had been born of the parts of Manu (i.e. in the family of then Manu); for full twenty years he will be roaming about on the earth. He will be taking along with him a big army consisting of horses, chariots and elephants. He will be surrounded by hundreds and thousands of brahmins wielding weapons. He will kill the Mlecchas (alien outcaste people) in thousands.

Indra said: When the yuga has come to a close and the period of junction too has arrived, the chastiser of the wicked people will rise up in order to kill all the bad living beings. He will be born in the family of the Moon. He will be called Pramiti by name, Previously in the Svāyambhuva manvantara, he had been born of the parts of Manu (i.e. in the family of then Manu); for full twenty years he will be roaming about on the earth. He will be taking along with him a big army consisting of horses, chariots and elephants. He will be surrounded by hundreds and thousands of brahmins wielding weapons. He will kill the Mlecchas (alien outcaste people) in thousands.

Indra said: When the yuga has come to a close and the period of junction too has arrived, the chastiser of the wicked people will rise up in order to kill all the bad living beings. He will be born in the family of the Moon. He will be called Pramiti by name, Previously in the Svāyambhuva manvantara, he had been born of the parts of Manu (i.e. in the family of then Manu); for full twenty years he will be roaming about on the earth. He will be taking along with him a big army consisting of horses, chariots and elephants. He will be surrounded by hundreds and thousands of brahmins wielding weapons. He will kill the Mlecchas (alien outcaste people) in thousands.

Indra said: After killing the kings of Śūdrā wombs he will exterminate the heretics completely. He will kill those who are not pious and virtuous* He will kill those who are born of different castes and those who depend upon them.

Indra said: After killing the kings of Śūdrā wombs he will exterminate the heretics completely. He will kill those who are not pious and virtuous* He will kill those who are born of different castes and those who depend upon them.

Indra said: Thus making himself powerful with an active army under his control, he the destroyer of the Mlecchas, invincible to all living beings, will roam about the world.

Indra said: In the previous birth he was born in the family of Manu who himself was a part incarnation of Viṣṇu. When, the Kali yuga is complete (i.e. coming to an end) he will be born in the line of the Moon as the powerful Pramiti.[4] He will start his campaign in his thirty second year and continue it for twenty years.

Indra said: In the previous birth he was born in the family of Manu who himself was a part incarnation of Viṣṇu. When, the Kali yuga is complete (i.e. coming to an end) he will be born in the line of the Moon as the powerful Pramiti.[4] He will start his campaign in his thirty second year and continue it for twenty years.

Indra said: He will be killing hundreds and thousands of living beings. By means of this cruel act be will reduce the entire earth to the seeds.

Indra said: Getting infuriated mutually (the people will attack one another). Pramiti will defeat all those alien outcastes and all unrighteous persons and ultimately rest in the middle land between the Gaṅgā and Yamuna along with his ministers and followers, after killing all the kings and alien outcastes in thousands. When the sandhyāṃśa period sets in at the end of the yuga there will be groups of people among the subjects left behind here and there. Getting unrestrained and covetous they will be attacking and killing one another. When anarchy spreads in view of the series of affairs in the yuga, when people begin to suspect one another, all those people will be afflicted by fear. Agitated and bewildered they will leave off their wives and houses. They will not care even for their own lives. Though themselves miserable yet they will be worthless. When the holy rites laid down in the Śrutis and Smṛtis perish, these people will attack and kill one another. When Dharma is destroyed they will become mannerless, unbounded, shameless and unloving. They will not hesitate to attack one another. They will be stunted in growth and live as far as twenty-five years.[5] Getting involved in disputes they will abandon wives and sons. When lack of rain affects them they will abandon agriculture. They will leave off their land and resort to frontiers.[6] They will resort to rivers, oceans, mountains and wells.

Indra said: Getting infuriated mutually (the people will attack one another). Pramiti will defeat all those alien outcastes and all unrighteous persons and ultimately rest in the middle land between the Gaṅgā and Yamuna along with his ministers and followers, after killing all the kings and alien outcastes in thousands. When the sandhyāṃśa period sets in at the end of the yuga there will be groups of people among the subjects left behind here and there. Getting unrestrained and covetous they will be attacking and killing one another. When anarchy spreads in view of the series of affairs in the yuga, when people begin to suspect one another, all those people will be afflicted by fear. Agitated and bewildered they will leave off their wives and houses. They will not care even for their own lives. Though themselves miserable yet they will be worthless. When the holy rites laid down in the Śrutis and Smṛtis perish, these people will attack and kill one another. When Dharma is destroyed they will become mannerless, unbounded, shameless and unloving. They will not hesitate to attack one another. They will be stunted in growth and live as far as twenty-five years.[5] Getting involved in disputes they will abandon wives and sons. When lack of rain affects them they will abandon agriculture. They will leave off their land and resort to frontiers.[6] They will resort to rivers, oceans, mountains and wells.

Indra said: Getting infuriated mutually (the people will attack one another). Pramiti will defeat all those alien outcastes and all unrighteous persons and ultimately rest in the middle land between the Gaṅgā and Yamuna along with his ministers and followers, after killing all the kings and alien outcastes in thousands. When the sandhyāṃśa period sets in at the end of the yuga there will be groups of people among the subjects left behind here and there. Getting unrestrained and covetous they will be attacking and killing one another. When anarchy spreads in view of the series of affairs in the yuga, when people begin to suspect one another, all those people will be afflicted by fear. Agitated and bewildered they will leave off their wives and houses. They will not care even for their own lives. Though themselves miserable yet they will be worthless. When the holy rites laid down in the Śrutis and Smṛtis perish, these people will attack and kill one another. When Dharma is destroyed they will become mannerless, unbounded, shameless and unloving. They will not hesitate to attack one another. They will be stunted in growth and live as far as twenty-five years.[5] Getting involved in disputes they will abandon wives and sons. When lack of rain affects them they will abandon agriculture. They will leave off their land and resort to frontiers.[6] They will resort to rivers, oceans, mountains and wells.

Indra said: Getting infuriated mutually (the people will attack one another). Pramiti will defeat all those alien outcastes and all unrighteous persons and ultimately rest in the middle land between the Gaṅgā and Yamuna along with his ministers and followers, after killing all the kings and alien outcastes in thousands. When the sandhyāṃśa period sets in at the end of the yuga there will be groups of people among the subjects left behind here and there. Getting unrestrained and covetous they will be attacking and killing one another. When anarchy spreads in view of the series of affairs in the yuga, when people begin to suspect one another, all those people will be afflicted by fear. Agitated and bewildered they will leave off their wives and houses. They will not care even for their own lives. Though themselves miserable yet they will be worthless. When the holy rites laid down in the Śrutis and Smṛtis perish, these people will attack and kill one another. When Dharma is destroyed they will become mannerless, unbounded, shameless and unloving. They will not hesitate to attack one another. They will be stunted in growth and live as far as twenty-five years.[5] Getting involved in disputes they will abandon wives and sons. When lack of rain affects them they will abandon agriculture. They will leave off their land and resort to frontiers.[6] They will resort to rivers, oceans, mountains and wells.

Indra said: Getting infuriated mutually (the people will attack one another). Pramiti will defeat all those alien outcastes and all unrighteous persons and ultimately rest in the middle land between the Gaṅgā and Yamuna along with his ministers and followers, after killing all the kings and alien outcastes in thousands. When the sandhyāṃśa period sets in at the end of the yuga there will be groups of people among the subjects left behind here and there. Getting unrestrained and covetous they will be attacking and killing one another. When anarchy spreads in view of the series of affairs in the yuga, when people begin to suspect one another, all those people will be afflicted by fear. Agitated and bewildered they will leave off their wives and houses. They will not care even for their own lives. Though themselves miserable yet they will be worthless. When the holy rites laid down in the Śrutis and Smṛtis perish, these people will attack and kill one another. When Dharma is destroyed they will become mannerless, unbounded, shameless and unloving. They will not hesitate to attack one another. They will be stunted in growth and live as far as twenty-five years.[5] Getting involved in disputes they will abandon wives and sons. When lack of rain affects them they will abandon agriculture. They will leave off their land and resort to frontiers.[6] They will resort to rivers, oceans, mountains and wells.

Indra said: Getting infuriated mutually (the people will attack one another). Pramiti will defeat all those alien outcastes and all unrighteous persons and ultimately rest in the middle land between the Gaṅgā and Yamuna along with his ministers and followers, after killing all the kings and alien outcastes in thousands. When the sandhyāṃśa period sets in at the end of the yuga there will be groups of people among the subjects left behind here and there. Getting unrestrained and covetous they will be attacking and killing one another. When anarchy spreads in view of the series of affairs in the yuga, when people begin to suspect one another, all those people will be afflicted by fear. Agitated and bewildered they will leave off their wives and houses. They will not care even for their own lives. Though themselves miserable yet they will be worthless. When the holy rites laid down in the Śrutis and Smṛtis perish, these people will attack and kill one another. When Dharma is destroyed they will become mannerless, unbounded, shameless and unloving. They will not hesitate to attack one another. They will be stunted in growth and live as far as twenty-five years.[5] Getting involved in disputes they will abandon wives and sons. When lack of rain affects them they will abandon agriculture. They will leave off their land and resort to frontiers.[6] They will resort to rivers, oceans, mountains and wells.

Indra said: Getting infuriated mutually (the people will attack one another). Pramiti will defeat all those alien outcastes and all unrighteous persons and ultimately rest in the middle land between the Gaṅgā and Yamuna along with his ministers and followers, after killing all the kings and alien outcastes in thousands. When the sandhyāṃśa period sets in at the end of the yuga there will be groups of people among the subjects left behind here and there. Getting unrestrained and covetous they will be attacking and killing one another. When anarchy spreads in view of the series of affairs in the yuga, when people begin to suspect one another, all those people will be afflicted by fear. Agitated and bewildered they will leave off their wives and houses. They will not care even for their own lives. Though themselves miserable yet they will be worthless. When the holy rites laid down in the Śrutis and Smṛtis perish, these people will attack and kill one another. When Dharma is destroyed they will become mannerless, unbounded, shameless and unloving. They will not hesitate to attack one another. They will be stunted in growth and live as far as twenty-five years.[5] Getting involved in disputes they will abandon wives and sons. When lack of rain affects them they will abandon agriculture. They will leave off their land and resort to frontiers.[6] They will resort to rivers, oceans, mountains and wells.

Indra said: Getting infuriated mutually (the people will attack one another). Pramiti will defeat all those alien outcastes and all unrighteous persons and ultimately rest in the middle land between the Gaṅgā and Yamuna along with his ministers and followers, after killing all the kings and alien outcastes in thousands. When the sandhyāṃśa period sets in at the end of the yuga there will be groups of people among the subjects left behind here and there. Getting unrestrained and covetous they will be attacking and killing one another. When anarchy spreads in view of the series of affairs in the yuga, when people begin to suspect one another, all those people will be afflicted by fear. Agitated and bewildered they will leave off their wives and houses. They will not care even for their own lives. Though themselves miserable yet they will be worthless. When the holy rites laid down in the Śrutis and Smṛtis perish, these people will attack and kill one another. When Dharma is destroyed they will become mannerless, unbounded, shameless and unloving. They will not hesitate to attack one another. They will be stunted in growth and live as far as twenty-five years.[5] Getting involved in disputes they will abandon wives and sons. When lack of rain affects them they will abandon agriculture. They will leave off their land and resort to frontiers.[6] They will resort to rivers, oceans, mountains and wells.

Indra said: Getting infuriated mutually (the people will attack one another). Pramiti will defeat all those alien outcastes and all unrighteous persons and ultimately rest in the middle land between the Gaṅgā and Yamuna along with his ministers and followers, after killing all the kings and alien outcastes in thousands. When the sandhyāṃśa period sets in at the end of the yuga there will be groups of people among the subjects left behind here and there. Getting unrestrained and covetous they will be attacking and killing one another. When anarchy spreads in view of the series of affairs in the yuga, when people begin to suspect one another, all those people will be afflicted by fear. Agitated and bewildered they will leave off their wives and houses. They will not care even for their own lives. Though themselves miserable yet they will be worthless. When the holy rites laid down in the Śrutis and Smṛtis perish, these people will attack and kill one another. When Dharma is destroyed they will become mannerless, unbounded, shameless and unloving. They will not hesitate to attack one another. They will be stunted in growth and live as far as twenty-five years.[5] Getting involved in disputes they will abandon wives and sons. When lack of rain affects them they will abandon agriculture. They will leave off their land and resort to frontiers.[6] They will resort to rivers, oceans, mountains and wells.

Indra said: Getting infuriated mutually (the people will attack one another). Pramiti will defeat all those alien outcastes and all unrighteous persons and ultimately rest in the middle land between the Gaṅgā and Yamuna along with his ministers and followers, after killing all the kings and alien outcastes in thousands. When the sandhyāṃśa period sets in at the end of the yuga there will be groups of people among the subjects left behind here and there. Getting unrestrained and covetous they will be attacking and killing one another. When anarchy spreads in view of the series of affairs in the yuga, when people begin to suspect one another, all those people will be afflicted by fear. Agitated and bewildered they will leave off their wives and houses. They will not care even for their own lives. Though themselves miserable yet they will be worthless. When the holy rites laid down in the Śrutis and Smṛtis perish, these people will attack and kill one another. When Dharma is destroyed they will become mannerless, unbounded, shameless and unloving. They will not hesitate to attack one another. They will be stunted in growth and live as far as twenty-five years.[5] Getting involved in disputes they will abandon wives and sons. When lack of rain affects them they will abandon agriculture. They will leave off their land and resort to frontiers.[6] They will resort to rivers, oceans, mountains and wells.

Indra said: In their misery they will sustain themselves on wine, meat, roots and fruits. They will wear barks of trees, leaves or deer skin. They will not perform holy rites or accept monetary gifts.

Indra said: They will fall off from the rigid discipline of four castes and stages of life. They will be involved in a terrible calamity. Thus the few remaining subjects at the end of Kaliyuga will be in miserable circumstances.

Indra said: They will be afflicted by old age, sickness and hunger. Due to sorrow their minds will become dejected. Through dejection thinking sets in. An even attitude of the mind is what is called vicāraṇā (thinking). This attitude leads to knowledge. Through true knowledge arises pious nature. The subjects who survive the concluding years of Kaliyuga will be devoid of physical features and mental peace.

Indra said: They will be afflicted by old age, sickness and hunger. Due to sorrow their minds will become dejected. Through dejection thinking sets in. An even attitude of the mind is what is called vicāraṇā (thinking). This attitude leads to knowledge. Through true knowledge arises pious nature. The subjects who survive the concluding years of Kaliyuga will be devoid of physical features and mental peace.

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Indra said: They will teach them the two-fold Dharma of the Śruti and Smṛti[9] along with the conduct of life peculiar to the four castes and stages of life.

Indra said: When the Dharmas have been propounded by the seven sages, other sages promulgate them (among the people) by differentiating them between those pertaining to Śruti and Smṛti. Some of these sages stay even at the time of dissolution for the purpose of establishing Dharma. The sages indeed stay in office throughout the manvantara, just as trees remain (unaffected) when the forest fire consumes the grass. But when rain falls this grows up again. In the same manner, after the people of Kali die the people of Kṛta yuga come up. The continuity from one yuga to another goes on without break in this manner till the manvantara comes to a close.

Indra said: When the Dharmas have been propounded by the seven sages, other sages promulgate them (among the people) by differentiating them between those pertaining to Śruti and Smṛti. Some of these sages stay even at the time of dissolution for the purpose of establishing Dharma. The sages indeed stay in office throughout the manvantara, just as trees remain (unaffected) when the forest fire consumes the grass. But when rain falls this grows up again. In the same manner, after the people of Kali die the people of Kṛta yuga come up. The continuity from one yuga to another goes on without break in this manner till the manvantara comes to a close.

Indra said: When the Dharmas have been propounded by the seven sages, other sages promulgate them (among the people) by differentiating them between those pertaining to Śruti and Smṛti. Some of these sages stay even at the time of dissolution for the purpose of establishing Dharma. The sages indeed stay in office throughout the manvantara, just as trees remain (unaffected) when the forest fire consumes the grass. But when rain falls this grows up again. In the same manner, after the people of Kali die the people of Kṛta yuga come up. The continuity from one yuga to another goes on without break in this manner till the manvantara comes to a close.

Indra said: When the Dharmas have been propounded by the seven sages, other sages promulgate them (among the people) by differentiating them between those pertaining to Śruti and Smṛti. Some of these sages stay even at the time of dissolution for the purpose of establishing Dharma. The sages indeed stay in office throughout the manvantara, just as trees remain (unaffected) when the forest fire consumes the grass. But when rain falls this grows up again. In the same manner, after the people of Kali die the people of Kṛta yuga come up. The continuity from one yuga to another goes on without break in this manner till the manvantara comes to a close.

Indra said: Happiness, longevity, strength, beauty (or physical features), virtue, wealth and love become reduced to three-fourths from yuga to yuga gradually.

Indra said: The Siddhis of Dharma become (proportionately) reduced in the parts of the junctions of yugas. Thus the mode of achievement in order has been recounted.

Indra said: In the same manner all the four yugas must be understood. A thousand such cycles of four yugas are said to constitute one day of Brahmā. The night too consists of as many yugas. By the time the yuga comes to a close the living beings lose their straightforward and sentient feelings. This is the characteristic feature of all the yugas. Seventy-one cycles of four yugas constitute a manvantara. What happens in one set of four yugas is repeated in the other cycles of four yugas in the same manner and at the same time as well as in the same order. The differences that occur from creation to creation are limited to twenty-five, neither more nor less. The kalpas too have the same characteristics as the yugas. The same characteristics mark all the manvantaras also.

Indra said: In the same manner all the four yugas must be understood. A thousand such cycles of four yugas are said to constitute one day of Brahmā. The night too consists of as many yugas. By the time the yuga comes to a close the living beings lose their straightforward and sentient feelings. This is the characteristic feature of all the yugas. Seventy-one cycles of four yugas constitute a manvantara. What happens in one set of four yugas is repeated in the other cycles of four yugas in the same manner and at the same time as well as in the same order. The differences that occur from creation to creation are limited to twenty-five, neither more nor less. The kalpas too have the same characteristics as the yugas. The same characteristics mark all the manvantaras also.

Indra said: In the same manner all the four yugas must be understood. A thousand such cycles of four yugas are said to constitute one day of Brahmā. The night too consists of as many yugas. By the time the yuga comes to a close the living beings lose their straightforward and sentient feelings. This is the characteristic feature of all the yugas. Seventy-one cycles of four yugas constitute a manvantara. What happens in one set of four yugas is repeated in the other cycles of four yugas in the same manner and at the same time as well as in the same order. The differences that occur from creation to creation are limited to twenty-five, neither more nor less. The kalpas too have the same characteristics as the yugas. The same characteristics mark all the manvantaras also.

Indra said: In the same manner all the four yugas must be understood. A thousand such cycles of four yugas are said to constitute one day of Brahmā. The night too consists of as many yugas. By the time the yuga comes to a close the living beings lose their straightforward and sentient feelings. This is the characteristic feature of all the yugas. Seventy-one cycles of four yugas constitute a manvantara. What happens in one set of four yugas is repeated in the other cycles of four yugas in the same manner and at the same time as well as in the same order. The differences that occur from creation to creation are limited to twenty-five, neither more nor less. The kalpas too have the same characteristics as the yugas. The same characteristics mark all the manvantaras also.

Indra said: In the same manner all the four yugas must be understood. A thousand such cycles of four yugas are said to constitute one day of Brahmā. The night too consists of as many yugas. By the time the yuga comes to a close the living beings lose their straightforward and sentient feelings. This is the characteristic feature of all the yugas. Seventy-one cycles of four yugas constitute a manvantara. What happens in one set of four yugas is repeated in the other cycles of four yugas in the same manner and at the same time as well as in the same order. The differences that occur from creation to creation are limited to twenty-five, neither more nor less. The kalpas too have the same characteristics as the yugas. The same characteristics mark all the manvantaras also.

Indra said: In the same manner all the four yugas must be understood. A thousand such cycles of four yugas are said to constitute one day of Brahmā. The night too consists of as many yugas. By the time the yuga comes to a close the living beings lose their straightforward and sentient feelings. This is the characteristic feature of all the yugas. Seventy-one cycles of four yugas constitute a manvantara. What happens in one set of four yugas is repeated in the other cycles of four yugas in the same manner and at the same time as well as in the same order. The differences that occur from creation to creation are limited to twenty-five, neither more nor less. The kalpas too have the same characteristics as the yugas. The same characteristics mark all the manvantaras also.

Indra said: In the same manner all the four yugas must be understood. A thousand such cycles of four yugas are said to constitute one day of Brahmā. The night too consists of as many yugas. By the time the yuga comes to a close the living beings lose their straightforward and sentient feelings. This is the characteristic feature of all the yugas. Seventy-one cycles of four yugas constitute a manvantara. What happens in one set of four yugas is repeated in the other cycles of four yugas in the same manner and at the same time as well as in the same order. The differences that occur from creation to creation are limited to twenty-five, neither more nor less. The kalpas too have the same characteristics as the yugas. The same characteristics mark all the manvantaras also.

Indra said: Just as the changes and alterations in the yugas have happened from early days (and have continued for a long time) in view of the nature of the yugas, so also the world of living beings goes round and round alternating between death and birth.

Indra said: Thus the characteristic feature of the yugas of the past and future in all the manvantaras has been recorded in brief.

Indra said: With the explanation of one manvantara all the manvantaras have been undoubtedly explained; similarly with one kalpa and other kalpas too.

Indra said: In regard to the future kalpas the same argument should be continued by one who knows. In all the manvantaras past and future, the eight[10] classes of Devas, the ruling lords of manvantaras, Manus and sages will have the same status through their names and forms, as also the same purpose and intention. The same is the case with the division of castes and stages of life in every yuga. It is the lord who lays down the nature and characteristics of the yugas, the divisions of castes and stages of life, the yugas and the Siddhis of the yugas. Incidentally, the magnitude of the yugas was mentioned to you. I shall now recount to you how the lotus-born deity became Brahmā the son of the goddess.

Indra said: In regard to the future kalpas the same argument should be continued by one who knows. In all the manvantaras past and future, the eight[10] classes of Devas, the ruling lords of manvantaras, Manus and sages will have the same status through their names and forms, as also the same purpose and intention. The same is the case with the division of castes and stages of life in every yuga. It is the lord who lays down the nature and characteristics of the yugas, the divisions of castes and stages of life, the yugas and the Siddhis of the yugas. Incidentally, the magnitude of the yugas was mentioned to you. I shall now recount to you how the lotus-born deity became Brahmā the son of the goddess.

Indra said: In regard to the future kalpas the same argument should be continued by one who knows. In all the manvantaras past and future, the eight[10] classes of Devas, the ruling lords of manvantaras, Manus and sages will have the same status through their names and forms, as also the same purpose and intention. The same is the case with the division of castes and stages of life in every yuga. It is the lord who lays down the nature and characteristics of the yugas, the divisions of castes and stages of life, the yugas and the Siddhis of the yugas. Incidentally, the magnitude of the yugas was mentioned to you. I shall now recount to you how the lotus-born deity became Brahmā the son of the goddess.

Indra said: In regard to the future kalpas the same argument should be continued by one who knows. In all the manvantaras past and future, the eight[10] classes of Devas, the ruling lords of manvantaras, Manus and sages will have the same status through their names and forms, as also the same purpose and intention. The same is the case with the division of castes and stages of life in every yuga. It is the lord who lays down the nature and characteristics of the yugas, the divisions of castes and stages of life, the yugas and the Siddhis of the yugas. Incidentally, the magnitude of the yugas was mentioned to you. I shall now recount to you how the lotus-born deity became Brahmā the son of the goddess.

Indra said: In regard to the future kalpas the same argument should be continued by one who knows. In all the manvantaras past and future, the eight[10] classes of Devas, the ruling lords of manvantaras, Manus and sages will have the same status through their names and forms, as also the same purpose and intention. The same is the case with the division of castes and stages of life in every yuga. It is the lord who lays down the nature and characteristics of the yugas, the divisions of castes and stages of life, the yugas and the Siddhis of the yugas. Incidentally, the magnitude of the yugas was mentioned to you. I shall now recount to you how the lotus-born deity became Brahmā the son of the goddess.