Bṛhaspati Continued:: Henceforth, I shall recount the benefits of all (kinds of) charitable gifts. I shall mention things considered pure and worthy for the Śrāddha rite and those which should be avoided therein.

Bṛhaspati Continued:: One should perform Agnihotra on a steep snow-capped precipice or fetch snow from there (?). That is sacred and conducive to great welfare as well as longevity.

Bṛhaspati Continued:: One should avoid performance of a Śrāddha at night because Rāhu is seen elsewhere(?). As soon as Rāhu is seen Śrāddha must be performed with all of one’s assets.

Bṛhaspati Continued:: He who does not perform (Śrāddha) at the time of eclipse becomes dejected like a cow sinking into the mud. He who performs it (at the time of eclipse) shall surmount sins like a good boat in the sea.

Bṛhaspati Continued:: (Defective text) In Vaiśvadeva and Soma sacrifices, the flesh of a rhinoceros (or a buffalo) is the greatest offering. It is not through rivalry that we feed with the flesh of a rhinoceros (buffalo) excluding the horns.

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Bṛhaspati said:: On the left hand, clay should be applied ten times slowly and gradually. Then apply clay on both the hands. This is optional. Then apply clay seven times on both the hands.

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Bṛhaspati Continued:: Mahāyavas, Niṣpāvas, Madhūlikās (a kind of Citron?) Black rice and black metals are censurable (and hence prohibited) in the Śrāddha rite.

Bṛhaspati Continued:: Rājamāṣa and otherthings must be scrupulously avoided. Masūras (variety of pulse are) sacred. Kusumbha (safflower) is the abode of goddess Lakṣmī. The following things are sweet and excellent for Śrāddha rite. Atiyava (during the rainy season) Vṛṣaka, (name of a plant), Vāsaka, Bilva, Āmalaka Myrobalan), Mṛdvīka (grapes) panasa (Jack fruit), Āmrāta (the hogplum), Dāḍima (pomegranate), Tavaśolaṃyata (?) Kṣaudra, Kharjūra (dates), Āmra (mango) fruit Kaśeru (Scirpus grossus, Linn), Kovidārya, (name of a tree, Hindi Kacnar), Tālakanda, Bisa (lotus), Tamāla Śatakanda, Madvasūcānta, Kāndikī, Kāleya, Kālaśāka (the potherb ocimum sanctum), Bhūripūrṇā, Suvarcalā, (Puta Graveolens), Ekāṃsākṣa, Duviśāka, Bubucetāṃkura, Kaphālaka, Kaṇā (grains of kaṇa), Drākṣā (grapes), Lakuca (Artocarpus lacucha) Coca (the fruit of the fan palm), Alābu (gourd), Grīvaka, Karkandhū the jujube berry) Madhusāhvaya, Vaikaṅkata, Nālikera (coconut) Śṛṅgajapa Carūṣaka (name of species of fruit), Pippalī, (picher lumgum) Marica (pepper), Paṭola (fruit of Tricho sanths Dioeca) and Bṛhatī (Brinjals).

Bṛhaspati Continued:: Rājamāṣa and otherthings must be scrupulously avoided. Masūras (variety of pulse are) sacred. Kusumbha (safflower) is the abode of goddess Lakṣmī. The following things are sweet and excellent for Śrāddha rite. Atiyava (during the rainy season) Vṛṣaka, (name of a plant), Vāsaka, Bilva, Āmalaka Myrobalan), Mṛdvīka (grapes) panasa (Jack fruit), Āmrāta (the hogplum), Dāḍima (pomegranate), Tavaśolaṃyata (?) Kṣaudra, Kharjūra (dates), Āmra (mango) fruit Kaśeru (Scirpus grossus, Linn), Kovidārya, (name of a tree, Hindi Kacnar), Tālakanda, Bisa (lotus), Tamāla Śatakanda, Madvasūcānta, Kāndikī, Kāleya, Kālaśāka (the potherb ocimum sanctum), Bhūripūrṇā, Suvarcalā, (Puta Graveolens), Ekāṃsākṣa, Duviśāka, Bubucetāṃkura, Kaphālaka, Kaṇā (grains of kaṇa), Drākṣā (grapes), Lakuca (Artocarpus lacucha) Coca (the fruit of the fan palm), Alābu (gourd), Grīvaka, Karkandhū the jujube berry) Madhusāhvaya, Vaikaṅkata, Nālikera (coconut) Śṛṅgajapa Carūṣaka (name of species of fruit), Pippalī, (picher lumgum) Marica (pepper), Paṭola (fruit of Tricho sanths Dioeca) and Bṛhatī (Brinjals).

Bṛhaspati Continued:: Rājamāṣa and otherthings must be scrupulously avoided. Masūras (variety of pulse are) sacred. Kusumbha (safflower) is the abode of goddess Lakṣmī. The following things are sweet and excellent for Śrāddha rite. Atiyava (during the rainy season) Vṛṣaka, (name of a plant), Vāsaka, Bilva, Āmalaka Myrobalan), Mṛdvīka (grapes) panasa (Jack fruit), Āmrāta (the hogplum), Dāḍima (pomegranate), Tavaśolaṃyata (?) Kṣaudra, Kharjūra (dates), Āmra (mango) fruit Kaśeru (Scirpus grossus, Linn), Kovidārya, (name of a tree, Hindi Kacnar), Tālakanda, Bisa (lotus), Tamāla Śatakanda, Madvasūcānta, Kāndikī, Kāleya, Kālaśāka (the potherb ocimum sanctum), Bhūripūrṇā, Suvarcalā, (Puta Graveolens), Ekāṃsākṣa, Duviśāka, Bubucetāṃkura, Kaphālaka, Kaṇā (grains of kaṇa), Drākṣā (grapes), Lakuca (Artocarpus lacucha) Coca (the fruit of the fan palm), Alābu (gourd), Grīvaka, Karkandhū the jujube berry) Madhusāhvaya, Vaikaṅkata, Nālikera (coconut) Śṛṅgajapa Carūṣaka (name of species of fruit), Pippalī, (picher lumgum) Marica (pepper), Paṭola (fruit of Tricho sanths Dioeca) and Bṛhatī (Brinjals).

Bṛhaspati Continued:: Rājamāṣa and otherthings must be scrupulously avoided. Masūras (variety of pulse are) sacred. Kusumbha (safflower) is the abode of goddess Lakṣmī. The following things are sweet and excellent for Śrāddha rite. Atiyava (during the rainy season) Vṛṣaka, (name of a plant), Vāsaka, Bilva, Āmalaka Myrobalan), Mṛdvīka (grapes) panasa (Jack fruit), Āmrāta (the hogplum), Dāḍima (pomegranate), Tavaśolaṃyata (?) Kṣaudra, Kharjūra (dates), Āmra (mango) fruit Kaśeru (Scirpus grossus, Linn), Kovidārya, (name of a tree, Hindi Kacnar), Tālakanda, Bisa (lotus), Tamāla Śatakanda, Madvasūcānta, Kāndikī, Kāleya, Kālaśāka (the potherb ocimum sanctum), Bhūripūrṇā, Suvarcalā, (Puta Graveolens), Ekāṃsākṣa, Duviśāka, Bubucetāṃkura, Kaphālaka, Kaṇā (grains of kaṇa), Drākṣā (grapes), Lakuca (Artocarpus lacucha) Coca (the fruit of the fan palm), Alābu (gourd), Grīvaka, Karkandhū the jujube berry) Madhusāhvaya, Vaikaṅkata, Nālikera (coconut) Śṛṅgajapa Carūṣaka (name of species of fruit), Pippalī, (picher lumgum) Marica (pepper), Paṭola (fruit of Tricho sanths Dioeca) and Bṛhatī (Brinjals).

Bṛhaspati Continued:: Rājamāṣa and otherthings must be scrupulously avoided. Masūras (variety of pulse are) sacred. Kusumbha (safflower) is the abode of goddess Lakṣmī. The following things are sweet and excellent for Śrāddha rite. Atiyava (during the rainy season) Vṛṣaka, (name of a plant), Vāsaka, Bilva, Āmalaka Myrobalan), Mṛdvīka (grapes) panasa (Jack fruit), Āmrāta (the hogplum), Dāḍima (pomegranate), Tavaśolaṃyata (?) Kṣaudra, Kharjūra (dates), Āmra (mango) fruit Kaśeru (Scirpus grossus, Linn), Kovidārya, (name of a tree, Hindi Kacnar), Tālakanda, Bisa (lotus), Tamāla Śatakanda, Madvasūcānta, Kāndikī, Kāleya, Kālaśāka (the potherb ocimum sanctum), Bhūripūrṇā, Suvarcalā, (Puta Graveolens), Ekāṃsākṣa, Duviśāka, Bubucetāṃkura, Kaphālaka, Kaṇā (grains of kaṇa), Drākṣā (grapes), Lakuca (Artocarpus lacucha) Coca (the fruit of the fan palm), Alābu (gourd), Grīvaka, Karkandhū the jujube berry) Madhusāhvaya, Vaikaṅkata, Nālikera (coconut) Śṛṅgajapa Carūṣaka (name of species of fruit), Pippalī, (picher lumgum) Marica (pepper), Paṭola (fruit of Tricho sanths Dioeca) and Bṛhatī (Brinjals).

Bṛhaspati Continued:: Rājamāṣa and otherthings must be scrupulously avoided. Masūras (variety of pulse are) sacred. Kusumbha (safflower) is the abode of goddess Lakṣmī. The following things are sweet and excellent for Śrāddha rite. Atiyava (during the rainy season) Vṛṣaka, (name of a plant), Vāsaka, Bilva, Āmalaka Myrobalan), Mṛdvīka (grapes) panasa (Jack fruit), Āmrāta (the hogplum), Dāḍima (pomegranate), Tavaśolaṃyata (?) Kṣaudra, Kharjūra (dates), Āmra (mango) fruit Kaśeru (Scirpus grossus, Linn), Kovidārya, (name of a tree, Hindi Kacnar), Tālakanda, Bisa (lotus), Tamāla Śatakanda, Madvasūcānta, Kāndikī, Kāleya, Kālaśāka (the potherb ocimum sanctum), Bhūripūrṇā, Suvarcalā, (Puta Graveolens), Ekāṃsākṣa, Duviśāka, Bubucetāṃkura, Kaphālaka, Kaṇā (grains of kaṇa), Drākṣā (grapes), Lakuca (Artocarpus lacucha) Coca (the fruit of the fan palm), Alābu (gourd), Grīvaka, Karkandhū the jujube berry) Madhusāhvaya, Vaikaṅkata, Nālikera (coconut) Śṛṅgajapa Carūṣaka (name of species of fruit), Pippalī, (picher lumgum) Marica (pepper), Paṭola (fruit of Tricho sanths Dioeca) and Bṛhatī (Brinjals).

Bṛhaspati Continued:: Rājamāṣa and otherthings must be scrupulously avoided. Masūras (variety of pulse are) sacred. Kusumbha (safflower) is the abode of goddess Lakṣmī. The following things are sweet and excellent for Śrāddha rite. Atiyava (during the rainy season) Vṛṣaka, (name of a plant), Vāsaka, Bilva, Āmalaka Myrobalan), Mṛdvīka (grapes) panasa (Jack fruit), Āmrāta (the hogplum), Dāḍima (pomegranate), Tavaśolaṃyata (?) Kṣaudra, Kharjūra (dates), Āmra (mango) fruit Kaśeru (Scirpus grossus, Linn), Kovidārya, (name of a tree, Hindi Kacnar), Tālakanda, Bisa (lotus), Tamāla Śatakanda, Madvasūcānta, Kāndikī, Kāleya, Kālaśāka (the potherb ocimum sanctum), Bhūripūrṇā, Suvarcalā, (Puta Graveolens), Ekāṃsākṣa, Duviśāka, Bubucetāṃkura, Kaphālaka, Kaṇā (grains of kaṇa), Drākṣā (grapes), Lakuca (Artocarpus lacucha) Coca (the fruit of the fan palm), Alābu (gourd), Grīvaka, Karkandhū the jujube berry) Madhusāhvaya, Vaikaṅkata, Nālikera (coconut) Śṛṅgajapa Carūṣaka (name of species of fruit), Pippalī, (picher lumgum) Marica (pepper), Paṭola (fruit of Tricho sanths Dioeca) and Bṛhatī (Brinjals).

Bṛhaspati Continued:: Rājamāṣa and otherthings must be scrupulously avoided. Masūras (variety of pulse are) sacred. Kusumbha (safflower) is the abode of goddess Lakṣmī. The following things are sweet and excellent for Śrāddha rite. Atiyava (during the rainy season) Vṛṣaka, (name of a plant), Vāsaka, Bilva, Āmalaka Myrobalan), Mṛdvīka (grapes) panasa (Jack fruit), Āmrāta (the hogplum), Dāḍima (pomegranate), Tavaśolaṃyata (?) Kṣaudra, Kharjūra (dates), Āmra (mango) fruit Kaśeru (Scirpus grossus, Linn), Kovidārya, (name of a tree, Hindi Kacnar), Tālakanda, Bisa (lotus), Tamāla Śatakanda, Madvasūcānta, Kāndikī, Kāleya, Kālaśāka (the potherb ocimum sanctum), Bhūripūrṇā, Suvarcalā, (Puta Graveolens), Ekāṃsākṣa, Duviśāka, Bubucetāṃkura, Kaphālaka, Kaṇā (grains of kaṇa), Drākṣā (grapes), Lakuca (Artocarpus lacucha) Coca (the fruit of the fan palm), Alābu (gourd), Grīvaka, Karkandhū the jujube berry) Madhusāhvaya, Vaikaṅkata, Nālikera (coconut) Śṛṅgajapa Carūṣaka (name of species of fruit), Pippalī, (picher lumgum) Marica (pepper), Paṭola (fruit of Tricho sanths Dioeca) and Bṛhatī (Brinjals).

Bṛhaspati Continued:: Rājamāṣa and otherthings must be scrupulously avoided. Masūras (variety of pulse are) sacred. Kusumbha (safflower) is the abode of goddess Lakṣmī. The following things are sweet and excellent for Śrāddha rite. Atiyava (during the rainy season) Vṛṣaka, (name of a plant), Vāsaka, Bilva, Āmalaka Myrobalan), Mṛdvīka (grapes) panasa (Jack fruit), Āmrāta (the hogplum), Dāḍima (pomegranate), Tavaśolaṃyata (?) Kṣaudra, Kharjūra (dates), Āmra (mango) fruit Kaśeru (Scirpus grossus, Linn), Kovidārya, (name of a tree, Hindi Kacnar), Tālakanda, Bisa (lotus), Tamāla Śatakanda, Madvasūcānta, Kāndikī, Kāleya, Kālaśāka (the potherb ocimum sanctum), Bhūripūrṇā, Suvarcalā, (Puta Graveolens), Ekāṃsākṣa, Duviśāka, Bubucetāṃkura, Kaphālaka, Kaṇā (grains of kaṇa), Drākṣā (grapes), Lakuca (Artocarpus lacucha) Coca (the fruit of the fan palm), Alābu (gourd), Grīvaka, Karkandhū the jujube berry) Madhusāhvaya, Vaikaṅkata, Nālikera (coconut) Śṛṅgajapa Carūṣaka (name of species of fruit), Pippalī, (picher lumgum) Marica (pepper), Paṭola (fruit of Tricho sanths Dioeca) and Bṛhatī (Brinjals).

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Bṛhaspati Continued:: Similarly, red exudations and salts found in and lands should be avoided in the rite of Śrāddha. Women in their monthly periods should also be avoided.

Bṛhaspati Continued:: Water emitting foul smell, water having froth and foams, water from a wayside puddle, water whereby a cow is dissatisfied and water drawn and kept during the night (should be avoided).

Bṛhaspati Continued:: The following milk should be avoided by a person with wisdom—the milk of a sheep, that of a deer, that of a camel, that of all animals with a single (i.e. not cloven) hoofs, that of a buffalo and that of Camara deer.

Bṛhaspati Continued:: Henceforth, I shall mention the places that should be scrupulously avoided, the persons by whom the Śrāddha rite should not be seen and the entire procedure regarding cleanliness and pollution.

Bṛhaspati Continued:: With great faith one should perform Śrāddha by means of fruits, roots and foodstuff available in the forest. He then attains royal position as well as infinite heavenly bliss.

Bṛhaspati Continued:: In the Śrāddha rite, one should avoid a ground with undesirable noise, which is narrow or impure, pervaded by insects, muddy and dirty and which emits foul smell.

Bṛhaspati Continued:: Rivers adjoining the: sea, their entrances from the south and east and the entire country of Triśaṅku (to a limit of) twelve Yojanas should be avoided.

Bṛhaspati Continued:: Rivers adjoining the: sea, their entrances from the south and east and the entire country of Triśaṅku (to a limit of) twelve Yojanas should be avoided.

Bṛhaspati Continued:: The territories of Kāraskaras (Kārakal in south Kanara), Kaliṅgas, the northern region of the Sindhu as well as the countries where the discipline and virtuous practice of the various stages of life is not in vogue, should be scrupulously avoided.

Bṛhaspati Continued:: The Nagnas (naked) and other persons must not see the well-arranged Śrāddha rite. The Śrāddha viewed by these do not reach the Pitṛs or the Pitāmahas (grandfathers).

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Bṛhaspati said:: One shall discard the very sight of these viz—the Brāhmaṇa slayer, the ungrateful one, the atheist, the defiler of the preceptor’s bed, the robber and the ruthless person.

Bṛhaspati said:: Persons of cruel activities are fallen ones. One should avoid all of them. The Śrāddha perceived by the following goes to the Asuras and Yātudhānas viz—those who argue and interrupt the discussion on the Devas and the sages; he who condemns the Devas, the Brāhmaṇas and the Vedas.

Bṛhaspati said:: Persons of cruel activities are fallen ones. One should avoid all of them. The Śrāddha perceived by the following goes to the Asuras and Yātudhānas viz—those who argue and interrupt the discussion on the Devas and the sages; he who condemns the Devas, the Brāhmaṇas and the Vedas.

Bṛhaspati said:: The Kṛta Yuga is said to be Brahminical. The Tretā Yuga is that of the Kṣatriyas. They say that Dvāpara is the Yuga of the Vaiśyas and Kaliyuga is remembered as the Yuga of the Śūdras.

Bṛhaspati said:: The Pitṛs were honoured in the Kṛta Yuga; the Suras were worshipped in the Tretāyuga. Wars were always worshipped in the Dvāpara Yuga and the heretics were respected in the Kaliyuga.

Bṛhaspati said:: By merely looking at Śrāddhas, all these destroy them viz—one who has no honour, one who is cast off and discarded, the domestic pig and the dog.

Bṛhaspati said:: What is touched by does or pigs (should not be used in a Śrāddha). It should never be seen by persons of chronic diseases, fallen persons and dirty ones.

Bṛhaspati said:: The food offerings that these (above-mentioned ones) look at do not deserve to be used for Havya or Kavya. They are to be abandoned. In emergency cases they are to be consecrated by means of important things.

Bṛhaspati said:: (Defective text) The Havis offerings (if they are looked at by the above-mentioned ones) should at the very outset be discarded. They can be cleansed with proper (sacred) water. Sprinkling with water is also prescribed.

Bṛhaspati said:: Or it can be spread over with white mustard or black gingelly seeds. Or with efforts it should have the sight of view of the preceptor, sun, fire or such sacred things.

Bṛhaspati said:: The following should be discarded in the Śrāddha rite:—the cooked rice and other eatables when they fall on seats aṇḍ are sat upon, that which is kicked by the foot, that which is seen by impure mobile beings, dried and stale things, that which is burnt too much, that which is licked by fire, that which is spoiled by sandy particles, worms, pebbles and hairs, the oil cake and pounded particles of gingelly seeds, barley etc; the foodstuffs got ready but apparently too saltish; the things that are seen and defiled by dogs or taken up by persons with defects and particles (of flour etc.) shaken off by the clothes should be avoided in the Śrāddha rite.

Bṛhaspati said:: The following should be discarded in the Śrāddha rite:—the cooked rice and other eatables when they fall on seats aṇḍ are sat upon, that which is kicked by the foot, that which is seen by impure mobile beings, dried and stale things, that which is burnt too much, that which is licked by fire, that which is spoiled by sandy particles, worms, pebbles and hairs, the oil cake and pounded particles of gingelly seeds, barley etc; the foodstuffs got ready but apparently too saltish; the things that are seen and defiled by dogs or taken up by persons with defects and particles (of flour etc.) shaken off by the clothes should be avoided in the Śrāddha rite.

Bṛhaspati said:: The following should be discarded in the Śrāddha rite:—the cooked rice and other eatables when they fall on seats aṇḍ are sat upon, that which is kicked by the foot, that which is seen by impure mobile beings, dried and stale things, that which is burnt too much, that which is licked by fire, that which is spoiled by sandy particles, worms, pebbles and hairs, the oil cake and pounded particles of gingelly seeds, barley etc; the foodstuffs got ready but apparently too saltish; the things that are seen and defiled by dogs or taken up by persons with defects and particles (of flour etc.) shaken off by the clothes should be avoided in the Śrāddha rite.

Bṛhaspati said:: The following should be discarded in the Śrāddha rite:—the cooked rice and other eatables when they fall on seats aṇḍ are sat upon, that which is kicked by the foot, that which is seen by impure mobile beings, dried and stale things, that which is burnt too much, that which is licked by fire, that which is spoiled by sandy particles, worms, pebbles and hairs, the oil cake and pounded particles of gingelly seeds, barley etc; the foodstuffs got ready but apparently too saltish; the things that are seen and defiled by dogs or taken up by persons with defects and particles (of flour etc.) shaken off by the clothes should be avoided in the Śrāddha rite.

Bṛhaspati said:: There are some persons who profess to be very great wise men merely by speaking against the Vedas. Those recluses (without sacrifices) (Ayajñā yatayaḥ) certainly destroy (a Śrāddha) like the dust particles.

Bṛhaspati said:: One shall avoid greens mixed with curds, foodstuffs devoid of medicinal properties, the egg plant and all kinds of distilled liquors in che Śrāddha.

Bṛhaspati said:: One shall avoid greens mixed with curds, foodstuffs devoid of medicinal properties, the egg plant and all kinds of distilled liquors in che Śrāddha.

Bṛhaspati said:: One shall avoid greens mixed with curds, foodstuffs devoid of medicinal properties, the egg plant and all kinds of distilled liquors in che Śrāddha.

Bṛhaspati said:: The process of purification of stones, roots, fruits, sugarcane, ropes and leather is by placing them in water and sprinkling them. All types of wickwork vessels can be purified as before. Scraping (brushing) and scratching is the process of purification of vessels made of ivory, bone, wood and horn.

Bṛhaspati said:: The process of purification of stones, roots, fruits, sugarcane, ropes and leather is by placing them in water and sprinkling them. All types of wickwork vessels can be purified as before. Scraping (brushing) and scratching is the process of purification of vessels made of ivory, bone, wood and horn.

Bṛhaspati said:: The process of purification of all types of earthen pots is burning them once again. The same is the process of purification of vessels of precious gems, pearls, corals and shells.

Bṛhaspati said:: The purification of all types of hair and wool shall be through the Kalkas (powdered particles) of white mustard and gingelly seeds.

Bṛhaspati said:: The purification of all bìpeds is by means of clay and water. The first process of purification of the feet is washing them with water (?).

Bṛhaspati said:: Purification of cotton (garments) is by means of ash. That of fruits, flowers and leaves is by floating them on water.

Bṛhaspati said:: The purification of the earth (i.e. ground) is by various means. Water can be sprinkled. If can be smeared with cowdung. It can be scraped and scratched. Water can be poured over it in plenty. A cow can be made to tread over it. A portion can be burned or dug.

Bṛhaspati said:: (Defective text) In a village the earth is purified by means of the air that is set in motion when (cows) move out. The process of purification of human beings and cattle is prescribed through mud. The excellent process of purification (of many articles etc.) is thus prescribed., Listen to what is not mentioned hitherto, even as I recount it.

Bṛhaspati said:: (Defective text) In a village the earth is purified by means of the air that is set in motion when (cows) move out. The process of purification of human beings and cattle is prescribed through mud. The excellent process of purification (of many articles etc.) is thus prescribed., Listen to what is not mentioned hitherto, even as I recount it.

Bṛhaspati said:: In the morning one must go a distance of an arrow’s throw from the house in the south western direction. After covering his head (with a cloth), he should evacuate his bowels. He should never touch his head with his hand.

Bṛhaspati said:: He must do it in a very secluded spot after covering the ground with white grass, or leaves, or wood or pieces of bamboo sticks.

Bṛhaspati said:: During the daytime, he should face the north and during the night he should face the south. After finishing the work of evacuating the bowels, he should take up some mud and the pot of water without uttering any word.

Bṛhaspati said:: He should take the water pot with the right hand and wash the anus with the left hand. He should apply clay to the anus three times.

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Bṛhaspati said:: He should then apply clay to the feet and wash them. He shall then perform the Ācamana (ritualistic sipping of water) rite in accordance with the injunctions. The first three water drops have the sun, the fire and the wind as their deities.

Bṛhaspati said:: One should always keep two Kamaṇḍalus (water-pots) ready at hand. They must not have holes (as the water will leak out). It is only with the remaining water that one should duly wash one’s feet.

Bṛhaspati said:: (Partially defective text). There is a second type of Ācamana in respect to the rites of the Devas. Fasting for three high ts is cited (as the rite of expiation?) when one is freed from wicked persons (?)

Bṛhaspati said:: In respect to protracted cases (? Viprakṛṭeṣu) the rite of Kṛccha is cited for expiation. After touching a. dog or a Cāṇḍāla one shall perform expiation rite of Tapta-Kṛcchra.

Bṛhaspati said:: After touching human bones, one should observe fast for the sake of purification. If the bones are oily (slimy) it is said that the fast must be for three nights. Otherwise only for one night.

Bṛhaspati said:: (Defective text). The Kāraskaras, Kaliṅgas and the Andhras, the Śabaras etc, the northern, bank of the Sindhu, the region further to the north—these are the countries of sinners. They are occupied by sinful persons. They are avoided by good people (and) the Brāhmaṇas who have mastered the Vedas. If any one goes there out of attachment or delusion, h is sin cannot be removed even if he drinks (holy) water with plenty of gingelly seeds (the idea seems to be “even if libations are offered by a number of his successors”) or even when he goes (as a pilgrim) to Yugandhara (near Kurukṣetra).

Bṛhaspati said:: (Defective text). The Kāraskaras, Kaliṅgas and the Andhras, the Śabaras etc, the northern, bank of the Sindhu, the region further to the north—these are the countries of sinners. They are occupied by sinful persons. They are avoided by good people (and) the Brāhmaṇas who have mastered the Vedas. If any one goes there out of attachment or delusion, h is sin cannot be removed even if he drinks (holy) water with plenty of gingelly seeds (the idea seems to be “even if libations are offered by a number of his successors”) or even when he goes (as a pilgrim) to Yugandhara (near Kurukṣetra).

Bṛhaspati said:: (Defective text). The Kāraskaras, Kaliṅgas and the Andhras, the Śabaras etc, the northern, bank of the Sindhu, the region further to the north—these are the countries of sinners. They are occupied by sinful persons. They are avoided by good people (and) the Brāhmaṇas who have mastered the Vedas. If any one goes there out of attachment or delusion, h is sin cannot be removed even if he drinks (holy) water with plenty of gingelly seeds (the idea seems to be “even if libations are offered by a number of his successors”) or even when he goes (as a pilgrim) to Yugandhara (near Kurukṣetra).

Bṛhaspati said:: By going to a place devoid of merit, one incurs all types of sins. He can get rid of his sins by climbing the Bhṛgutuṅga, by going to the sacred river Sarasvatī, or to the beautiful river Gaṅgā or to the divine river Mahānadī or to the rivers rising in the Himavān or to the other rivers honoured by the sages.

Bṛhaspati said:: By going to a place devoid of merit, one incurs all types of sins. He can get rid of his sins by climbing the Bhṛgutuṅga, by going to the sacred river Sarasvatī, or to the beautiful river Gaṅgā or to the divine river Mahānadī or to the rivers rising in the Himavān or to the other rivers honoured by the sages.

Bṛhaspati said:: By going to all the holy lakes, rivers and waterfalls, he may be freed from sins. He enjoys infinite bliss in heaven.

Bṛhaspati said:: In the case of a Brāhmaṇa, it is said that he has defilement for ten nights on account of the death of a relative or a birth in the family. It is prescribed for twelve days in the case of a Kṣatriya.

Bṛhaspati said:: It is for half a month in the case of a Vaiśya and for a full month in the case of a Śūdra. The lady in the monthly period becomes pure in four nights. This is true in the case of all castes.

Bṛhaspati said:: It is laid down that one gets defiled by touching a women in her menses, a woman in confinement, a dog, a Cāṇḍāla, nudes (like Digambara Jainas) Nagnas and others and those persons who had carried a dead body.

Bṛhaspati said:: The purificatory rite in the above case is as follows. If it is a Brāhmaṇa, he must take a bath along with his clothes. He will be pure by the application of clay twelve times. This alone is the purificatory rite after indulging in sexual intercourse or after vomiting.

Bṛhaspati said:: A man should perform purificatory rite after washing his hands with clay and water. After washing with water, he must take bath and clean his hands with clay once again. He should perform this rite in three stages so that the total number shall be twelve. There should not be any stickiness left. It is thus that the injunction regarding purificatory rites is to be observed in every case at all times.

Bṛhaspati said:: A man should perform purificatory rite after washing his hands with clay and water. After washing with water, he must take bath and clean his hands with clay once again. He should perform this rite in three stages so that the total number shall be twelve. There should not be any stickiness left. It is thus that the injunction regarding purificatory rites is to be observed in every case at all times.

Bṛhaspati said:: In washing the feet, one should apply clay three times to each of his feet. This is the purificatory rite in the forest. Henceforth, I shall mention the process of purification pertaining to (i.e. while residing in) the village.

Bṛhaspati said:: Application of clay fifteen times particularly on. hands etc. is purification. One should apply the clay once over and above the prescribed number of times. After the application of the clay one shall wash it with water.

Bṛhaspati said:: In all these cases, if the dirt is not clearly visible the process of purification is by means of water alone.

Bṛhaspati said:: In all these cases, if the dirt is not clearly visible the process of purification is by means of water alone.

Bṛhaspati said:: In all these cases, if the dirt is not clearly visible the process of purification is by means of water alone.

Bṛhaspati said:: Articles brought by others must be purified by the Abhyukṣaṇa rite after placing them down. One must not touch anything if it is not consecrated by the ritualistic sprinkling of water. Whether the rite is Śrāddha or it is a rite for the Devas.

Bṛhaspati said:: An article must be received from the northern side and disposed off on the southern side. A Yajamāna (sponsorer of a Śrāddha) shall perform every Śrāddha in a secluded spot.

Bṛhaspati said:: In all rites pertaining to the Devas or the Pitṛs there is likelihood of adverse results if one is Ucchiṣṭa (i.e. polluted by the leaving of food etc.).

Bṛhaspati said:: In all rites pertaining to the Devas or the Pitṛs there is likelihood of adverse results if one is Ucchiṣṭa (i.e. polluted by the leaving of food etc.).

Bṛhaspati said:: When one spits, after oil bath, after, taking food, after wearing the clothes, when one touches other persons defiled by Ucchiṣṭa, after washing the feet, after talking to a person defiled by Ucchiṣṭa, after eating, when one is maintaining the physical purity for holy rites, in case of all doubts after untying the knot of the tuft of hair as well as without the sacred thread, (if one touches) aimlessly, on touching a camel or a sheep, on seeing persons who speak words that should not bespoken, touching (particles of food etc.) sticking to the teeth with the tongue producing a loud noise or by means of fingers or on seeing a fallen man.

Bṛhaspati said:: When one spits, after oil bath, after, taking food, after wearing the clothes, when one touches other persons defiled by Ucchiṣṭa, after washing the feet, after talking to a person defiled by Ucchiṣṭa, after eating, when one is maintaining the physical purity for holy rites, in case of all doubts after untying the knot of the tuft of hair as well as without the sacred thread, (if one touches) aimlessly, on touching a camel or a sheep, on seeing persons who speak words that should not bespoken, touching (particles of food etc.) sticking to the teeth with the tongue producing a loud noise or by means of fingers or on seeing a fallen man.

Bṛhaspati said:: When one spits, after oil bath, after, taking food, after wearing the clothes, when one touches other persons defiled by Ucchiṣṭa, after washing the feet, after talking to a person defiled by Ucchiṣṭa, after eating, when one is maintaining the physical purity for holy rites, in case of all doubts after untying the knot of the tuft of hair as well as without the sacred thread, (if one touches) aimlessly, on touching a camel or a sheep, on seeing persons who speak words that should not bespoken, touching (particles of food etc.) sticking to the teeth with the tongue producing a loud noise or by means of fingers or on seeing a fallen man.

Bṛhaspati said:: When one spits, after oil bath, after, taking food, after wearing the clothes, when one touches other persons defiled by Ucchiṣṭa, after washing the feet, after talking to a person defiled by Ucchiṣṭa, after eating, when one is maintaining the physical purity for holy rites, in case of all doubts after untying the knot of the tuft of hair as well as without the sacred thread, (if one touches) aimlessly, on touching a camel or a sheep, on seeing persons who speak words that should not bespoken, touching (particles of food etc.) sticking to the teeth with the tongue producing a loud noise or by means of fingers or on seeing a fallen man.

Bṛhaspati said:: When one spits, after oil bath, after, taking food, after wearing the clothes, when one touches other persons defiled by Ucchiṣṭa, after washing the feet, after talking to a person defiled by Ucchiṣṭa, after eating, when one is maintaining the physical purity for holy rites, in case of all doubts after untying the knot of the tuft of hair as well as without the sacred thread, (if one touches) aimlessly, on touching a camel or a sheep, on seeing persons who speak words that should not bespoken, touching (particles of food etc.) sticking to the teeth with the tongue producing a loud noise or by means of fingers or on seeing a fallen man.

Bṛhaspati said:: When one spits, after oil bath, after, taking food, after wearing the clothes, when one touches other persons defiled by Ucchiṣṭa, after washing the feet, after talking to a person defiled by Ucchiṣṭa, after eating, when one is maintaining the physical purity for holy rites, in case of all doubts after untying the knot of the tuft of hair as well as without the sacred thread, (if one touches) aimlessly, on touching a camel or a sheep, on seeing persons who speak words that should not bespoken, touching (particles of food etc.) sticking to the teeth with the tongue producing a loud noise or by means of fingers or on seeing a fallen man.

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Bṛhaspati said:: A person who does not perform any Yajña, a sinner or a person born as a low animal attains liberation by performing the purificatory rite. The man becomes a dweller of the heaven.

Bṛhaspati said:: Indeed, the Devas desire purity. This is declared by the Devas. The gods always avoid odious and unclean fellows.

Bṛhaspati said:: Persons of auspicious activities perform justifiably the purificatory rites thrice.

Bṛhaspati said:: Persons of auspicious activities perform justifiably the purificatory rites thrice.