Sūta said: As long as the Sun and the Moon revolve, they are elevated by means of their lustre and brilliance through their discus.

Sūta said: (?) The space covered by the brilliant refulgence of the sun and the moon is the extent of the seven seas and the continents. The light falls over half the extent of the earth and the other side remains external. The sun and the moon illuminate the area around facing them.

Sūta said: (?) The space covered by the brilliant refulgence of the sun and the moon is the extent of the seven seas and the continents. The light falls over half the extent of the earth and the other side remains external. The sun and the moon illuminate the area around facing them.

Sūta said: The root √av means illumination and protection. Revolving all round, the sun illuminates and protects the three worlds. Hence, on account of illumination and protection, he is remembered as ‘Ravi.’

Sūta said: Hereafter, I shall recount the magnitude of the moon and the sun.

Sūta said: Hereafter, I shall recount the magnitude of the moon and the sun.

Sūta said: The extent of the disc of the sun is nine thousand Yojanas. Its girth is three times the extent.

Sūta said: In diameter as well as girth (Circumference), the moon is twice as much as the sun.

Sūta said: The extent and girth (circumference) of the earth consisting of seven continents has been reckoned in proper measure in the Purāṇas.

Sūta said: I shall recount that, after enumerating the current Abhimānins (Deities etc. who preside or have the sense of possession etc.). Those Abhimānins who have gone by are on a par with the current ones.

Sūta said: The Devas who have gone by are on a par with the current ones in forms and names. Hence, I shall describe the surface of the earth through the current Devas.

Sūta said: (I shall recount) the situation of the heavenly world entirely through the current (Devas).

Sūta said: Its situation from an upword measure (?)is as far as the Meru. Half the extent of the earth is stated in terms of Yojanas. The extent of the earth towards all the sides (quarters) from the middle of the Meru is remembered as one crore and eighty-nine lakhs (of Yojanas) and fifty thousand. Hence, the extent of the circular section of the earth is roughly eleven crores and thirty-seven lakhs. This is reckoned as the extent of the surface of the Earth.

Sūta said: Its situation from an upword measure (?)is as far as the Meru. Half the extent of the earth is stated in terms of Yojanas. The extent of the earth towards all the sides (quarters) from the middle of the Meru is remembered as one crore and eighty-nine lakhs (of Yojanas) and fifty thousand. Hence, the extent of the circular section of the earth is roughly eleven crores and thirty-seven lakhs. This is reckoned as the extent of the surface of the Earth.

Sūta said: Its situation from an upword measure (?)is as far as the Meru. Half the extent of the earth is stated in terms of Yojanas. The extent of the earth towards all the sides (quarters) from the middle of the Meru is remembered as one crore and eighty-nine lakhs (of Yojanas) and fifty thousand. Hence, the extent of the circular section of the earth is roughly eleven crores and thirty-seven lakhs. This is reckoned as the extent of the surface of the Earth.

Sūta said: Its situation from an upword measure (?)is as far as the Meru. Half the extent of the earth is stated in terms of Yojanas. The extent of the earth towards all the sides (quarters) from the middle of the Meru is remembered as one crore and eighty-nine lakhs (of Yojanas) and fifty thousand. Hence, the extent of the circular section of the earth is roughly eleven crores and thirty-seven lakhs. This is reckoned as the extent of the surface of the Earth.

Sūta said: (This is reckoned as the extent of the earth) namely as much is the extent in the firmament of the fixation of constellations, so much is the situation of the revolution as far as the sphere of the earth. By the measure of the Paryāsa (Revolution, Rotation), it is remembered that the firmament is equal to the earth. This is recounted as the abode of the seven continents.

Sūta said: (This is reckoned as the extent of the earth) namely as much is the extent in the firmament of the fixation of constellations, so much is the situation of the revolution as far as the sphere of the earth. By the measure of the Paryāsa (Revolution, Rotation), it is remembered that the firmament is equal to the earth. This is recounted as the abode of the seven continents.

Sūta said: The situation of the spheres of the worlds is one over the other with the girth gradually reduced falling within the previous sphere.

Sūta said: The entire situation has been laid down thus and in them the creatures stay. This magnitude of the bowl of the Cosmic Egg has been recounted.

Sūta said: These worlds as well as this earth with its seven continents are within this cosmic Egg. The worlds are Bhūrloka Bhuvarloka, Svarloka, Maharloka, Janaloka, Tapoloka and Satyaloka. These seven worlds have been created and they are arranged in the shape of an Umbrella.

Sūta said: These worlds as well as this earth with its seven continents are within this cosmic Egg. The worlds are Bhūrloka Bhuvarloka, Svarloka, Maharloka, Janaloka, Tapoloka and Satyaloka. These seven worlds have been created and they are arranged in the shape of an Umbrella.

Sūta said: They are held by means of their own subtle coverings individually. These sources of origin are exterior coverings and they are ten times more than (what they envelope). They are filled with special characteristics originating mutually. All round this Cosmic Egg is present (as a fixed envelop) the solidified ocean.

Sūta said: They are held by means of their own subtle coverings individually. These sources of origin are exterior coverings and they are ten times more than (what they envelope). They are filled with special characteristics originating mutually. All round this Cosmic Egg is present (as a fixed envelop) the solidified ocean.

Sūta said: The entire sphere of the Earth is held by the solidified water. The solidified ocean is held by a greater solidified fire.

Sūta said: The solidified fiery element is surrounded on all sides externally, sideways and upwards by a solidified wind element. Being held thus it rests stabilized there.

Sūta said: The solidified wind is surrounded by the firmament. The entire firmament is enveloped by the Bhūtādi (i.e. Ahaṃkāra—Ego). The Bhūtādi is enveloped by the (principle called) Mahat.

Sūta said: The Mahat is enveloped by the Pradhāna that is infinite and it is of immutable nature.

Sūta said: (It is being mentioned) for the achievement of the proof of spreading the qualities of the luminary bodies (?) [Rather: The extent of the movements of the host of luminary bodies will now be described.]

Sūta said: (It is being mentioned) for the achievement of the proof of spreading the qualities of the luminary bodies (?) [Rather: The extent of the movements of the host of luminary bodies will now be described.]

Sūta said: (It is being mentioned) for the achievement of the proof of spreading the qualities of the luminary bodies (?) [Rather: The extent of the movements of the host of luminary bodies will now be described.]

Sūta said: (It is being mentioned) for the achievement of the proof of spreading the qualities of the luminary bodies (?) [Rather: The extent of the movements of the host of luminary bodies will now be described.]

Sūta said: To the north of the Meru, on the top of the Mānasa itself, is the city of Soma, named Vibhāvarī. It is on a par with the city of Mahendra.

Sūta said: It is for the stabilization of Virtue (Dharma) and for the protection of all the worlds that the guardians of the worlds (i.e. quarters) have stationed themselves in all the four quarters on the top of the Mānasa.

Sūta said: Understand the movement of the sun during the southern transit, as he goes to that quarter. His movement is above all the guardians of the quarters.

Sūta said: During his southern transit, the sun rushes forward like an arrow that is discharged. He revolves always, taking the circle of luminaries with him.

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Sūta said: When the sun is (in the middle of the sky) during midday at Sukhā, (the city) belonging to Varuṇa, he (the sun) (appears) to rise in Vibhā, the city of Soma.

Sūta said: It is midnight at Amarāvatī and it (appears to) set at Yama’s city.

Sūta said: It is midnight at Amarāvatī and it (appears to) set at Yama’s city.

Sūta said: The sun revolves rapidly like the whirling firebrand. Moving about, the sun traverses the revolving constellations.

Sūta said: Thus the sun thereby moves to the south among the four quarters. The sun rises and sets again and again.

Sūta said: The sun warms two Devālayas (abodes of gods i.e. those of Indra and others) in the forenoon and two (other) Devālayas in the afternoon. During the midday also, he blazes with his own rays.

Sūta said: After rising up the sun blazes and increases in warmth by means of his own rays till the midday. Thereafter, with his rays decreasing (in warmth) the sun sets.

Sūta said: The two quarters of the East and West are remembered by means of sunrise and sunset. While it blazes in front, (the heat is felt) behind as well as at the sides.

Sūta said: The two quarters of the East and West are remembered by means of sunrise and sunset. While it blazes in front, (the heat is felt) behind as well as at the sides.

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Sūta said: Wherever the sun is seen occupying the line (horizon), it is seen more than a hundred thousand Yojanas above.

Sūta said: , When the sun sets along with his rays, the lustre of the sun enters the fire at night. Hence it shines from a distance.

Sūta said: The heat of the fire enters the sun when it rises up. The sun blazes during the day time on being united with the fire.

Sūta said: The lustre and the heat are the brilliance of the sun and the fire. They shine and flourish day and night, due to their mutual penetration.

Sūta said: In the northern as well as southern halves of the earth, the night enters the water when the sun rises.

Sūta said: Hence due to the penetration of the night during the day, the waters are cool then. When the sun sets, the day penetrates the waters. Hence the waters are warm during the night due to the penetration of the day. Both in the southern half and the northern half of the earth, it is in this order that the day and night enter the waters when the sun sets or rises.

Sūta said: Hence due to the penetration of the night during the day, the waters are cool then. When the sun sets, the day penetrates the waters. Hence the waters are warm during the night due to the penetration of the day. Both in the southern half and the northern half of the earth, it is in this order that the day and night enter the waters when the sun sets or rises.

Sūta said: Hence due to the penetration of the night during the day, the waters are cool then. When the sun sets, the day penetrates the waters. Hence the waters are warm during the night due to the penetration of the day. Both in the southern half and the northern half of the earth, it is in this order that the day and night enter the waters when the sun sets or rises.

Sūta said: Hence due to the penetration of the night during the day, the waters are cool then. When the sun sets, the day penetrates the waters. Hence the waters are warm during the night due to the penetration of the day. Both in the southern half and the northern half of the earth, it is in this order that the day and night enter the waters when the sun sets or rises.

Sūta said: Hence due to the penetration of the night during the day, the waters are cool then. When the sun sets, the day penetrates the waters. Hence the waters are warm during the night due to the penetration of the day. Both in the southern half and the northern half of the earth, it is in this order that the day and night enter the waters when the sun sets or rises.

Sūta said: It is one hundred and eighty-one thousand Yojanas. This is the speed of the sun in a Muhūrta.

Sūta said: It is one hundred and eighty-one thousand Yojanas. This is the speed of the sun in a Muhūrta.

Sūta said: It is one hundred and eighty-one thousand Yojanas. This is the speed of the sun in a Muhūrta.

Sūta said: Understand that it traverses in the southern quarter in the mountain Mānasottara. The Viṣuva (Equinox) is in the middle (?)

Sūta said: The circumference of the sun is estimated to be nine crores of Yojanas as well as forty-five hundred thousands (i.e. 9,45,00000 Yojanas).

Sūta said: This is laid down as the movement (? total distance traversed) of the sun in the course of a day and a night.

Sūta said: This is laid down as the movement (? total distance traversed) of the sun in the course of a day and a night.

Sūta said: This is laid down as the movement (? total distance traversed) of the sun in the course of a day and a night.

Sūta said: When the sun is in the (constellation) Śravaṇa and Uttarāṣāḍhā it traverses the regions (quarters) to the north of the sixth (continent) Śākadvīpa. O Brāhmaṇas, the magnitude of the northern quarter and the sphere (? of the sun therein) is estimated to be a crore of Yojanas.

Sūta said: When the sun is in the (constellation) Śravaṇa and Uttarāṣāḍhā it traverses the regions (quarters) to the north of the sixth (continent) Śākadvīpa. O Brāhmaṇas, the magnitude of the northern quarter and the sphere (? of the sun therein) is estimated to be a crore of Yojanas.

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Sūta said: During Uttarāyaṇa the sun goes round the internal zones. During the Dakṣiṇāyana it goes round the external zones always in the due order.

Sūta said: There are one hundred and eighty-three zones in. the north. In the south also the sun traverses that much.

Sūta said: Understand the magnitude of the zone in Yojanas. It is seventeen thousand two hundred and twenty-one Yojanas (in magnitude).

Sūta said: Understand the magnitude of the zone in Yojanas. It is seventeen thousand two hundred and twenty-one Yojanas (in magnitude).

Sūta said: This magnitude of the zone has thus been recounted in so many Yojanas.

Sūta said: Everyday the sun traverses those (zones) in due order. Just as the outer rim of the potter’s wheel comes back quickly (i.e. revolves), so also the sun functions quickly during his Southern transit. Hence, he traverses a major portion of the Earth in the course of a shorter period.

Sūta said: Everyday the sun traverses those (zones) in due order. Just as the outer rim of the potter’s wheel comes back quickly (i.e. revolves), so also the sun functions quickly during his Southern transit. Hence, he traverses a major portion of the Earth in the course of a shorter period.

Sūta said: During Dakṣiṇāyana, on account of his rapidity, the sun covers thirteen and a half constellations in the course of a day of twelve Muhūrtas. He covers the same number of constellations during the night of eighteen Muhūrtas.

Sūta said: During Dakṣiṇāyana, on account of his rapidity, the sun covers thirteen and a half constellations in the course of a day of twelve Muhūrtas. He covers the same number of constellations during the night of eighteen Muhūrtas.

Sūta said: During Dakṣiṇāyana, on account of his rapidity, the sun covers thirteen and a half constellations in the course of a day of twelve Muhūrtas. He covers the same number of constellations during the night of eighteen Muhūrtas.

Sūta said: After the advent of the northern transit, the day consists of eighteen Muhūrtas, the sun of slow speed traverses thirteen and a half constellations during the day. He covers the same number of constellations during the night of twelve Muhūrtas.

Sūta said: After the advent of the northern transit, the day consists of eighteen Muhūrtas, the sun of slow speed traverses thirteen and a half constellations during the day. He covers the same number of constellations during the night of twelve Muhūrtas.

Sūta said: The Potter’s wheel whirls still more slowly at the Navel. In the same manner, like the lump of clay in the middle, the pole star (Dhruva) revolves.

Sūta said: They say that the day and the night together consist of thirty Muhūrtas. Whirling in between the two quarters, Dhruva revolves in circles.

Sūta said: They say that the day and the night together consist of thirty Muhūrtas. Whirling in between the two quarters, Dhruva revolves in circles.

Sūta said: It (pole star) whirls in circles in between the two quarters. The movement of the sun is slow by day and quick at night. During the northern transit the movement of the sun by day is slow and very quick by the night.

Sūta said: It (pole star) whirls in circles in between the two quarters. The movement of the sun is slow by day and quick at night. During the northern transit the movement of the sun by day is slow and very quick by the night.

Sūta said: It (pole star) whirls in circles in between the two quarters. The movement of the sun is slow by day and quick at night. During the northern transit the movement of the sun by day is slow and very quick by the night.

Sūta said: Thus, by means of regular and irregular movements and proceeding along its orbit, the sun divides days and nights.

Sūta said: These guardians of the four quarters are stationed on the Lokāloka mountain. Agastya (the star Canopus) quickly traverses over them.

Sūta said: Day and night he undergoes these diverse motions to the south of the Nāgavīthī and to the north of the Lokāloka.

Sūta said: Day and night he undergoes these diverse motions to the south of the Nāgavīthī and to the north of the Lokāloka.

Sūta said: Day and night he undergoes these diverse motions to the south of the Nāgavīthī and to the north of the Lokāloka.

Sūta said: Day and night he undergoes these diverse motions to the south of the Nāgavīthī and to the north of the Lokāloka.

Sūta said: Day and night he undergoes these diverse motions to the south of the Nāgavīthī and to the north of the Lokāloka.

Sūta said: This (mountain) has the illumination on the side of the world. Beyond the worlds, it is devoid of illumination. The inter-space between. Uṣā (Night or Dawn) and Vyuṣṭi (Morning) joins the Lokāloka accepted by the sun(?) Therefore, they call it Sandhyā (Twilight). Uṣā is remembered as night and Vyuṣṭi is remembered as the day, by the Brāhmaṇas

Sūta said: This (mountain) has the illumination on the side of the world. Beyond the worlds, it is devoid of illumination. The inter-space between. Uṣā (Night or Dawn) and Vyuṣṭi (Morning) joins the Lokāloka accepted by the sun(?) Therefore, they call it Sandhyā (Twilight). Uṣā is remembered as night and Vyuṣṭi is remembered as the day, by the Brāhmaṇas

Sūta said: This (mountain) has the illumination on the side of the world. Beyond the worlds, it is devoid of illumination. The inter-space between. Uṣā (Night or Dawn) and Vyuṣṭi (Morning) joins the Lokāloka accepted by the sun(?) Therefore, they call it Sandhyā (Twilight). Uṣā is remembered as night and Vyuṣṭi is remembered as the day, by the Brāhmaṇas

Sūta said: This (mountain) has the illumination on the side of the world. Beyond the worlds, it is devoid of illumination. The inter-space between. Uṣā (Night or Dawn) and Vyuṣṭi (Morning) joins the Lokāloka accepted by the sun(?) Therefore, they call it Sandhyā (Twilight). Uṣā is remembered as night and Vyuṣṭi is remembered as the day, by the Brāhmaṇas

Sūta said: This (mountain) has the illumination on the side of the world. Beyond the worlds, it is devoid of illumination. The inter-space between. Uṣā (Night or Dawn) and Vyuṣṭi (Morning) joins the Lokāloka accepted by the sun(?) Therefore, they call it Sandhyā (Twilight). Uṣā is remembered as night and Vyuṣṭi is remembered as the day, by the Brāhmaṇas

Sūta said: A terrible battle ensued between the sun-god and those demons. Thereupon, the Devas, the most excellent Brāhmaṇas and god Brahmā performed the Sandhyā-prayer and poured water charged with the Mantras of Gāyatrī along with Oṃkāra (the symbol of) Brahman.

Sūta said: A terrible battle ensued between the sun-god and those demons. Thereupon, the Devas, the most excellent Brāhmaṇas and god Brahmā performed the Sandhyā-prayer and poured water charged with the Mantras of Gāyatrī along with Oṃkāra (the symbol of) Brahman.

Sūta said: With a sadden flash of splendour then the sun shone with fierce rays. He became excessively resplendent with great strength and valour. Protected by the Brāhmaṇas, he rises a hundred thousand Yojanas upwards and proceeds ahead. Protected by the sages Vālakhilyas and his brilliance along with his rays (he is held aloft.)

Sūta said: With a sadden flash of splendour then the sun shone with fierce rays. He became excessively resplendent with great strength and valour. Protected by the Brāhmaṇas, he rises a hundred thousand Yojanas upwards and proceeds ahead. Protected by the sages Vālakhilyas and his brilliance along with his rays (he is held aloft.)

Sūta said: Fifteen Nimeṣas constitute one Kāṣṭhā. Thirty Kaṣṭhās make one Kalā. Thirty Kalās make a Muhūrta and thirty such Muhūrtas make a full day consisting of day and night.

Sūta said: The shortening or the lengthening of days by means of units of time happens duly. The Sandhyā (junction) spreads over a period of a Muhūrta. It is remembered as the limit for the shortening or lengthening of the days.

Sūta said: The shortening or the lengthening of days by means of units of time happens duly. The Sandhyā (junction) spreads over a period of a Muhūrta. It is remembered as the limit for the shortening or lengthening of the days.

Sūta said: The shortening or the lengthening of days by means of units of time happens duly. The Sandhyā (junction) spreads over a period of a Muhūrta. It is remembered as the limit for the shortening or lengthening of the days.

Sūta said: The shortening or the lengthening of days by means of units of time happens duly. The Sandhyā (junction) spreads over a period of a Muhūrta. It is remembered as the limit for the shortening or lengthening of the days.

Sūta said: The shortening or the lengthening of days by means of units of time happens duly. The Sandhyā (junction) spreads over a period of a Muhūrta. It is remembered as the limit for the shortening or lengthening of the days.

Sūta said: The shortening or the lengthening of days by means of units of time happens duly. The Sandhyā (junction) spreads over a period of a Muhūrta. It is remembered as the limit for the shortening or lengthening of the days.

Sūta said: The shortening or the lengthening of days by means of units of time happens duly. The Sandhyā (junction) spreads over a period of a Muhūrta. It is remembered as the limit for the shortening or lengthening of the days.

Sūta said: The equinox is expected to be in the middle of the Autumn and the Spring. The moon has equal number of Kalās in the night and day.

Sūta said: A period of fifteen days is mentioned as a Pakṣa (fortnight). Two Pakṣas make a month and two solar months make a season.

Sūta said: Three seasons (make one Ayana), and two Ayanas make a solar Year.

Sūta said: Three seasons (make one Ayana), and two Ayanas make a solar Year.

Sūta said: Three seasons (make one Ayana), and two Ayanas make a solar Year.

Sūta said: Three seasons (make one Ayana), and two Ayanas make a solar Year.

Sūta said: This should be considered as the excellent part. Nāḍikā Ghaṭi (24 minutes) is the cause hereof. The five (units of time beginning with Saṃvatsara are diversified, due to four measures (?) (See verse 137).

Sūta said: The decisive basic unit of all time is called Yuga (Age). The first year is Saṃvatsara. The second is Parivatsara. The third is Iḍāvatsara. The fourth is Anuvatsara. The fifth is Vatsara. Their period of time is called Yuga.

Sūta said: The decisive basic unit of all time is called Yuga (Age). The first year is Saṃvatsara. The second is Parivatsara. The third is Iḍāvatsara. The fourth is Anuvatsara. The fifth is Vatsara. Their period of time is called Yuga.

Sūta said: In a solar Yuga, there shall be three thousand (lit. thirty hundred) Parvans (junctions) and one thousand eight hundred and thirty risings of the sun (i.e. days.)

Sūta said: In a solar Yuga, there shall be three thousand (lit. thirty hundred) Parvans (junctions) and one thousand eight hundred and thirty risings of the sun (i.e. days.)

Sūta said: Thirty units of days and nights make one solar month. Sixty-one such days make one Ṛtu.

Sūta said: The extent of a solar Ayana is one hundred and eighty-three days.

Sūta said: The following are the four measures (for calculating time) viz.: Saura (Solar), Saumya (Lunar), Nākṣatra (sidereal) and Sāvana (based on Savana calculation of days from sunrise to sunset). These measures are decisively mentioned in the Purāṇas.

Sūta said: There is a mountain named Śṛṅgavān towards the north of the Śveta. It has three peaks which appear to touch the surface of the firmament.

Sūta said: That mountain is said to be Śṛṅgavān, due to those peaks. Its girth and sectional diameter are equally glorified (? are the same).

Sūta said: Its middle and eastern peak is golden. The southern peak has crystal-like lustre and it is made of silver.

Sūta said: The excellent northern peak is full of all kinds of jewels. Thus, due to the three peaks, the mountain is well known as Śṛṅgavān.

Sūta said: During the time in between the Autumn and the Spring, the sun proceeds with a medium speed and he resorts to its eastern peak.

Sūta said: Hence, the dispeller of darkness makes the day and night equal. Divine green-coloured horses are yoked to his great chariot. They appear as though they are smeared with the rays red as lotus.

Sūta said: To the close of Meṣa and Tulā, the duration of the day from sunrise to sunset is fifteen Muhūrtas. The night is also equally long.

Sūta said: When the sun enters the first degree or part of the constellation Kṛttikā, it should be known that the moon enters the fourth part of the constellation Viśākhā.

Sūta said: When the sun moves through the third part of the constellation Viśākhā, it should be known that the moon has occupied the top of the constellation Kṛttikā.

Sūta said: The great sages say that one should know that time as Viṣuva (Equinox). One should understand the equinox through the position of the sun and should see the time through the moon. When the day and the night are of equal duration, it shall be the Viṣuva. Then during the equinox, religious gifts should be offered to the manes and to the Brāhmaṇas particularly because it happens to be the face of gods.

Sūta said: The great sages say that one should know that time as Viṣuva (Equinox). One should understand the equinox through the position of the sun and should see the time through the moon. When the day and the night are of equal duration, it shall be the Viṣuva. Then during the equinox, religious gifts should be offered to the manes and to the Brāhmaṇas particularly because it happens to be the face of gods.

Sūta said: The great sages say that one should know that time as Viṣuva (Equinox). One should understand the equinox through the position of the sun and should see the time through the moon. When the day and the night are of equal duration, it shall be the Viṣuva. Then during the equinox, religious gifts should be offered to the manes and to the Brāhmaṇas particularly because it happens to be the face of gods.

Sūta said: (The following are to be known in connection with the various units of time): they are Ūnamāsa (month of a shorter duration), Adhimāsa (Intercalary lunar month), Kalā, Kāṣṭhā, Muhūrtaka, Paurṇamāsī (full moon), Amāvasyā (New moon), Sinīvālī, Kuhū (different kinds of new moon), Rākā and Anumati (kinds of full moon day).

Sūta said: The months of Māgha, Phālguna, Cakra, Vaiśākha, Jyeṣṭha and Āṣāḍha constitute Uttarāyaṇa (Northern transit). The months of Śrāvaṇa, Bhādrapaḍa, Āśvina, Kārttika, Mārgaśīrṣa and Pauṣa constitute Dakṣināyana.

Sūta said: The five years called Ārtavas should be known as the sons of Brahmā.

Sūta said: The five years called Ārtavas should be known as the sons of Brahmā.

Sūta said: The five years called Ārtavas should be known as the sons of Brahmā.

Sūta said: Hence, Viṣuva that is present everywhere (?) is always remembered by the subjects. The (mountain) Lokāloka is called so because the world is remembered on account of (?) its being illuminated (by the sun).

Sūta said: The guardians of the quarters are stationed in the middle of the Lokāloka. Those four (?) noble-souled guardians remain till the annihilation of all living beings.

Sūta said: They are Sudhāmā, Vairāja, Kardama, Śaṅkhapā, Hiraṇyaroman, Parjanya, Ketumān and Rājasa. (Perhaps they are in pairs and hence called four?).

Sūta said: They are free from Dvandvas (mutually opposed pairs) and false prides. They are boundless and free from parigrahas (acceptances of gifts from others). These guardians of quarters are stationed on the Lokāloka in all the four directions.

Sūta said: To the North of the star Agastya and to the south of Ajavīthī is the pathway called Pitṛyāṇa. It is outside the path Vaiśvānara.

Sūta said: There stay the sages who are endowed with progeny and who perform Agnihotra sacrifices. Those who stay in the path of pitṛyāṇa are those who continue the series of worlds (who perpetuate the lines or race of the worlds).

Sūta said: The southern path is of those who, being Ṛtviks, commence the work of procreation of living beings by their blessings and are desirous of the world.

Sūta said: In every Yuga, they establish Dharma that goes astray. They perform austerities. They strictly adhere to the: bounds (of decency) and pursue the art of learning.

Sūta said: Here, in this world the predecessors are born in the houses of the successors (those who come after) and the successors are born on the death of the predecessors.

Sūta said: Repeatedly being born thus, they remain till the annihilation of all living beings. These sages who are householders are eighty-eight thousand in number.

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Sūta said: They contemptuously hate progeny. Hence, death is conquered by them. These sages of sublimated sexual urge are eighty-eight thousand in number. They closely cling to the northern path, till the annihilation of all living beings Due to their association with the world, avoidance of sexual intercourse, abstention from desires and hatreds, eschewal of creation of living beings, non-lustful contacts and seeing defects in sound etc. (i.e. sensual objects), they have become Siddhas. And also due to various other reasons also. Hence they became immortal. Immortality is considered to be (the attainment) of those who stay till the annihilation of all living beings.

Sūta said: They contemptuously hate progeny. Hence, death is conquered by them. These sages of sublimated sexual urge are eighty-eight thousand in number. They closely cling to the northern path, till the annihilation of all living beings Due to their association with the world, avoidance of sexual intercourse, abstention from desires and hatreds, eschewal of creation of living beings, non-lustful contacts and seeing defects in sound etc. (i.e. sensual objects), they have become Siddhas. And also due to various other reasons also. Hence they became immortal. Immortality is considered to be (the attainment) of those who stay till the annihilation of all living beings.

Sūta said: They contemptuously hate progeny. Hence, death is conquered by them. These sages of sublimated sexual urge are eighty-eight thousand in number. They closely cling to the northern path, till the annihilation of all living beings Due to their association with the world, avoidance of sexual intercourse, abstention from desires and hatreds, eschewal of creation of living beings, non-lustful contacts and seeing defects in sound etc. (i.e. sensual objects), they have become Siddhas. And also due to various other reasons also. Hence they became immortal. Immortality is considered to be (the attainment) of those who stay till the annihilation of all living beings.

Sūta said: They contemptuously hate progeny. Hence, death is conquered by them. These sages of sublimated sexual urge are eighty-eight thousand in number. They closely cling to the northern path, till the annihilation of all living beings Due to their association with the world, avoidance of sexual intercourse, abstention from desires and hatreds, eschewal of creation of living beings, non-lustful contacts and seeing defects in sound etc. (i.e. sensual objects), they have become Siddhas. And also due to various other reasons also. Hence they became immortal. Immortality is considered to be (the attainment) of those who stay till the annihilation of all living beings.

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